Using a Mentoring Afterschool Program to Improve Adolescent Mental Health and Physical Activity: A Pilot Study

April 17, 2026 updated by: University of Minnesota

Coming out of the COVID-19 pandemic many youth are experiencing declines in physical activity and worsening mental health (e.g., depression symptoms). These declines are exacerbated among underserved youth who experience greater barriers to health services and exposure to life stressors that put them at increased risk for impaired mental, emotional, and behavioral health. School-based afterschool programming is an important strategy to reach this population of youth and provides intervention at a time when youth are likely to otherwise be in environments not supportive of health. Further participation in extracurricular activities has been shown to be a protective factor for youth mental health. However, consistent with the Behavioral Theory of Depression, youth who are currently inactive and who have depression symptoms are unlikely to participate in afterschool programming on their own and likely require heightened positive reinforcement when they do attend to encourage retention. Given the high prevalence of youth who experience symptoms of depression and resource and staffing challenges faced by many schools, the level of support needed to engage students to consistently participate and benefit from afterschool programming is often beyond the capacity of school-based afterschool programs. In partnership with a local afterschool program for middle school students in a low resource community, the investigators developed an augmented version of the current afterschool program in which college students are trained to mentor and assist in the afterschool program, expanding the capacity of the afterschool program to engage students.

The mentoring intervention uses behavioral activation principles to help youth connect their behaviors with their mood and support youth to engage in behaviors that improve their mood, including physical activity. The main purpose of this study is to pilot the feasibility of the newly developed intervention.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

The proposed study builds from formative work in which the investigators developed an augmented version of an existing afterschool program in which college students are trained to mentor and assist in the afterschool program. Specifically, the mentoring intervention uses behavioral activation principles to help youth connect their behaviors with their mood and support youth to engage in behaviors that improve their mood, including physical activity. The main purpose of this study is to pilot the feasibility of the newly developed intervention. The study will use a modified, quasi-experimental crossover pilot trial design (n= 1 schools; 1 Afterschool program as usual and 1 After School Plus) conducted in partnership with St. Paul Public School District's school-based afterschool programming, "Flipside". School A will receive After School Plus in semester 1 and After School as Usual in semester 2. School B will receive After School as Usual in semester 1 and After School Plus in Semester 2. After School as Usual. The afterschool program as usual runs M-H and consists of a variety of clubs from which middle school students chose to enroll for a semester (~4 months). Clubs are offered on either a M/W or T/H schedule. Students receive a snack in the cafeteria each day before attending their class. During the After School as Usual condition, participants will not receive any extra intervention, but will participate in data collection using the same procedures and methodologies as the intervention schools.

After School Plus. After School Plus is the same as Afterschool as Usual with the addition of young adult mentors. Following snack, mentors will lead students in a short emotion regulation exercise including physical activity and breathing exercises. Mentors will prompt students to identify how they are feeling and make connections between the activities they are doing and their mood and then do activities with students in each class. On T/H, ~4 mentors will lead a new DiscoverU club which is based on behavioral activation principles and spends more time helping students identify and do more activities that improve their mood. The class promotes physical activity as an important strategy for mental health. Recruitment. Adolescents will be invited to participate in the study when they enroll in the afterschool program. The investigators will work closely with the site lead and teacher at each school assigned to help us with recruitment and retention. Adolescents can participate in the afterschool program without participating in the study (i.e., data collection).

Parents will need to provide written parental consent and students provide written assent before a student can enroll in the study. Because students can enroll in afterschool program at any time over the year, we will allow study enrollment on an ongoing basis through February 2025. Mentors will be recruited by emailing a description of the mentor opportunity to various student organizations and professors to share with their classes. This study targets courses with large class sizes. The study will also post flyers describing the opportunity across campus.

Promising candidates based on their application will be invited to group information sessions at which the research team observes their interactions in a group setting and provides information about the role. Interested candidates are asked to schedule a one- on-one interview. Mentors can receive class credit for mentoring. We previously used these strategies in the proof-of-concept study to recruit a diverse group of mentors, reflective of many majors and colleges. Data Collection. Primary data collection will include process data (e.g., attendance) and pre, midpoint, and post surveys (October, December, and April) among adolescents and mentors. Surveys will assess constructs including depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, behavioral activation, and emotion regulation. Additionally, approximately 75-80% of adolescent participants will provide accelerometry data to measure the amount and intensity of physical activity they do during the afterschool program

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
209

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • Minnesota
      • Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, 55455
        • University of Minnesota

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Child
  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Student Inclusion Criteria:

  • Any 6th , 7th , or 8th grade student who is enrolled in their after school plus program at a participating middle school

Parent/Guardian Inclusion Criteria:

  • Any parent of a student who is enrolled in the study is eligible to participate.

Mentor Inclusion Criteria:

  • Any mentor in the after school plus program is eligible to participate.

Staff Member Inclusion Criteria:

  • Any staff member affiliated with the after school program at a participating middle school

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Have a substantial cognitive impairment that would prevent the completion of data collection activities.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Prevention
  • Allocation: Non-Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: School A
Middle school students at School A who participate in the after school program. They will receive after school as usual in months 1-4, followed by after school plus in months 5-8.
Behavioral: After School Plus

The afterschool program as usual runs M-H and consists of a variety of clubs from which middle school students chose to enroll for a semester (~4 months). Clubs are offered on either a M/W or T/H schedule. Students receive a snack in the cafeteria each day before attending their class.

Afterschool plus is the same as "Afterschool as Usual" with the addition of young adult mentors. Following snack, mentors will lead students in a short emotion regulation exercise including physical activity and breathing exercises. Mentors will prompt students to identify how they are feeling and make connections between the activities they are doing and their mood and then do activities with students in each class. On T/H, ~4 mentors will lead a new "DiscoverU " club which is based on behavioral activation principles and spends more time helping students identify and do more activities that improve their mood. The class promotes physical activity as an important strategy for mental health.
Experimental: School B
Middle school students at School B who participate in the after school program. They will receive after school plus in months 1-4, followed by after school as usual in months 5-8.
Behavioral: After School Plus

The afterschool program as usual runs M-H and consists of a variety of clubs from which middle school students chose to enroll for a semester (~4 months). Clubs are offered on either a M/W or T/H schedule. Students receive a snack in the cafeteria each day before attending their class.

Afterschool plus is the same as "Afterschool as Usual" with the addition of young adult mentors. Following snack, mentors will lead students in a short emotion regulation exercise including physical activity and breathing exercises. Mentors will prompt students to identify how they are feeling and make connections between the activities they are doing and their mood and then do activities with students in each class. On T/H, ~4 mentors will lead a new "DiscoverU " club which is based on behavioral activation principles and spends more time helping students identify and do more activities that improve their mood. The class promotes physical activity as an important strategy for mental health.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
intervention feasibility
Time Frame: 4 months
This will be measured by participant semester 1 rate of attendance at the after school program (i.e., the number of days attended divided by the number of days the class(es) the student was signed up for were offered in semester 1)
4 months
intervention feasibility
Time Frame: 8 months
This will be measured by participant semester 2 rate of attendance at the after school program (i.e., the number of days attended divided by the number of days the class(es) the student was signed up for were offered in semester 2)
8 months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Depression symptoms
Time Frame: Baseline
Will be measured using PHQ-8
Baseline
Depression symptoms
Time Frame: 4 months
Will be measured using PHQ-8
4 months
Depression symptoms
Time Frame: 8 months
Will be measured using PHQ-8
8 months
Activity level in after school program
Time Frame: 4 months
Accelerometry measured 2 days per semester at randomly selected intervals per class
4 months
Activity level in after school program
Time Frame: 8 months
Accelerometry measured 2 days per semester at randomly selected intervals per class
8 months

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
University of Minnesota

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Katherine Hendel, University of Minnesota

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
September 24, 2024

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
June 17, 2025

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
March 9, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
November 11, 2024

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
November 11, 2024

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
November 13, 2024

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
April 22, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
April 17, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
April 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • STUDY00020498

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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