Turkish Adaptation, Validity and Reliability Study of the Athlete Disability Index Questionnaire (ADI_Turkish)

November 19, 2025 updated by: Gülay Aras Bayram, Medipol University

Turkish Adaptation, Validity and Reliability Study

This survey study aims to analyze the cultural adaptation, validity, and reliability of a scale originally in English and currently being translated into Turkish, which allows athletes with low back pain to assess their functional disabilities in sports and exercise activities as well as their disabilities in daily living activities. Athletes with low back pain will be asked to fill out 3 questionnaires.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

In the study, firstly, the translation of the Athlete Disability Index Questionnaire (ADI) into the target language, comparison of the two translated versions of the scale, back translation of the preliminary version, synthesis, pilot test of the pre-final version and psychometric test studies will be carried out by 3 independent translators and 2 linguists in 6 stages.

Then, 120 athletes with low back pain will be asked to fill out the ADI, Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) and Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Index (ODI). 7 days later, the ADI will be filled out again by 60 athletes.

After the surveys are completed, the structural validity of the scale will be tested, and reliability will be measured by performing test-retest reliability and internal consistency analyses.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Observational

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
120

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Locations

  • Turkey (Türkiye)
    • Beykoz
      • Istanbul, Beykoz, Turkey (Türkiye), 34810
        • Gülay Aras Bayram

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Male and female elite athletes from different sports with low back pain

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Low back pain that has persisted for at least 6 weeks
  • Pain that worsens with changes in posture, movement, or physical activity
  • Elite athletes with a regular training/match schedule of more than 10 hours per week

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Not knowing Turkish
  • Acute inflammatory conditions
  • Acute musculoskeletal trauma
  • Long-term corticosteroid use

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Athlete Disability Index Questionnaire (ADI)
Time Frame: 7 days
The Athlete Disability Index Questionnaire (ADI) is a self-administered questionnaire to assess disability related to low back pain in athletes. The ADI measures athletes' functional disability in activities of daily living as well as their disability in sports and exercise activities. The ADI consists of 12 questions that include pain intensity, stretching exercises, strengthening/weight training exercises, sport-specific skills (technical skills), rotational waist movements/changing direction, fear of pain or re-injury, sitting, walking, recreational activities, sexual activity, sleep, and personal care (ability to put on socks and shoes, ability to go to the bathroom). Each question is scored from 0 to 3, with higher scores indicating a more severe condition.
7 days

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Index (ODI)
Time Frame: 1 day

Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Index (ODI) is a Likert-type scale that questions pain intensity, personal care, lifting, walking, sitting, standing, sleeping, sexual life, social life and traveling in 10 items. Each item is scored between 0-5 (0: normal, 5: maximum difficulty) and the total score is 50.

In it's calculation; (Final score = [total score] / [(number of marked questions) x5] x 100) formula is used to convert it to a percentage system. A high percentage indicates that the level of disability perceived by the patient is also high. Turkish validity and reliability study has been conducted.
1 day
Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ)
Time Frame: 1 day
Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ): This scale, which was developed by selecting 24 of the 136 items of the Disease Impact Profile, evaluates activity level, daily living activities, eating and sleeping. Yes is scored as 1, no is scored as 0, and a higher total score indicates worse functionality. A Turkish validity and reliability study was conducted by Küçükdeveci et al.
1 day

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Medipol University

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Gülay Aras Bayram, PhD, Medipol University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Helpful Links

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
February 27, 2025

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
June 2, 2025

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
June 10, 2025

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
November 20, 2024

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
November 20, 2024

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
November 22, 2024

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
November 20, 2025

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
November 19, 2025

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
November 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • 20112024

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

UNDECIDED

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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