Immune Health Biomarkers and Fecal Microbiota in Filipino Breastfed Infants

September 16, 2026 updated by: Société des Produits Nestlé (SPN)

Immune Health Biomarkers and Fecal Microbiota in Filipino Breastfed Infants: A Prospective, Observational Study

This will be a prospective observational study aiming to investigate immune health biomarkers and fecal microbiota in 48-60 Filipino breastfed infants from birth to 12 months of age. An optional follow-up period of approximately 2 years will follow.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Active, not recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

This will be a prospective observational study in healthy term infants who are exclusively breastfed. Approximately 48-60 healthy breastfed infants aged ≥14 to ≤35 days at enrollment will be recruited and followed up until 12 month of age at 6 on-site visits: V1 (baseline), V3 (2 months), V5 (4 months), V6 (6 month), V7 (10months) and V8 (12 months).

The 12-month observational period will be followed by a 2year optional follow-up period for a total duration of the study of approximately 3 years.

The primary objective of this clinical study is to characterize early immune system development in breastfed Filipino infants by investigating infant blood markers of systemic immunity.

The secondary objectives will include the characterization of infant fecal markers of immune health and gut barrier function, infant blood and fecal microbiome, interactions between immune development and microbiome maturation, infant fecal metabolic profile and fecal pH, infant gastrointestinal (GI) tolerance, infant anthropometric measurements, infant complementary food intake as well as infant illness and infection.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Observational

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
60

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Philippines
    • Manila
      • Manila, Manila, Philippines, 1780
        • Asian Hospital and Medical Center

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

2 weeks to 1 month (Child)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Approximately 60 healthy breastfed infants aged ≥14 to ≤35 days at enrollment. To ensure balanced sex representation of the study population, approximately 30 males and 30 females will be enrolled in the study.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Written informed consent is obtained from parent(s)/ legally authorized representative(s) (LAR(s)).

  2. Parent(s)/ LAR(s) must be able to provide evidence of parental authority and identity.

  3. Parents/ LARs must understand the informed consent and other study documents.

  4. Infants whose parent(s)/ LAR (s) has consented to blood collection as per protocol.

  5. Able to temporarily store stool samples in a household freezer.

  6. Infants whose parent(s)/LAR(s) are willing and able to comply with scheduled visits, and the requirements of the study protocol.

  7. Infants whose parent(s)/LAR(s) can be contacted directly by telephone throughout the study.

  8. Infants must meet all the following inclusion criteria to be eligible for enrollment into the study:

    1. Healthy term infant (≥37 weeks of gestation)
    2. At enrollment visit, postnatal age ≥14 to ≤35 days (date of birth = day 0)
    3. Birth weight is appropriate for gestational age (i.e., ≥ 2500g and ≤ 4500g)
    4. Infant has exclusively received breastmilk from birth to enrollment, and parent intends to continue exclusive breastmilk feeding until infant age 6 months.

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. A medical condition or history that could increase the risk associated with study participation or interfere with the interpretation of study results, including:

    1. Evidence of major congenital malformations (e.g., cleft palate, extremity malformation).
    2. Suspected or documented systemic or congenital infections (e.g., human immunodeficiency virus, cytomegalovirus, syphilis).
    3. Previous or ongoing severe medical or laboratory abnormality (acute or chronic) which, in the judgment of the investigator, would make the infant inappropriate for entry into the study. Of note, children who are normally healthy but at the time of enrolment suffering from acute illness in a minor condition which are common in childhood and do not require some of the exclusionary medication mentioned below can be enrolled.

  2. Presently receiving or have received prior to enrolment any of the following: medication(s) or supplement(s) which are known or suspected to affect the following: fat digestion, absorption, and/or metabolism (e.g., pancreatic enzymes); stool microbiota and characteristics (e.g., oral, or systemic antibiotics, glycerin suppositories, bismuth-containing medications, docusate, Maltsupex, or lactulose); growth (e.g., insulin or growth hormone); gastric acid secretion.

  3. Infants whose parent(s) has(ve) not reached legal age of majority (18 years old) upon enrollment.

  4. Currently participating or having participated in any interventional clinical trials since birth.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Observational Models: OTHER
  • Time Perspectives: PROSPECTIVE

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Markers of systemic immunity
Time Frame: Infant age ≥14 to ≤35 days, 2 months, 4 months, 6 months and 12months

Descriptive statistics of plasma immune proteomics using mass cytometry or immunoassays, and vaccine-specific antibodies assessed by ELISA
Infant age ≥14 to ≤35 days, 2 months, 4 months, 6 months and 12months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Fecal markers of immune health and gut barrier
Time Frame: Infant age ≥14 to ≤35 days, 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, 10 months and 12 months
  • Fecal markers of immune health and gut barrier, such as but not restricted to calprotectin and α-1-antitrypsin assessed by ELISA or alternative methods
  • Fecal cytokine profile using multiplex assays
Infant age ≥14 to ≤35 days, 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, 10 months and 12 months
Infant fecal microbiome
Time Frame: Infant age ≥14 to ≤35 days, 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, 10 months and 12months

Microbiota composition, diversity, community types, and abundance of bacteria taxa
Infant age ≥14 to ≤35 days, 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, 10 months and 12months
Fecal metabolic profile and pH
Time Frame: Infant age ≥14 to ≤35 days, 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, 10 months and 12 months

pH and fecal organic acids, such as lactate, propionate, butyrate, acetate, valerate and total fecal organic acids, in wet stool weight and per dry stool weight
Infant age ≥14 to ≤35 days, 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, 10 months and 12 months
Plasma Metabolomics
Time Frame: Infant age ≥14 to ≤35 days, 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, and 12 months

Untargeted Plasma metabolomics Analyses
Infant age ≥14 to ≤35 days, 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, and 12 months
GI Tolerance
Time Frame: Infant age ≥14 to ≤35 days, 1.5 months, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 6 months, 10 months and 12 months
  • Stool frequency and consistency, GI symptoms and GI-related behaviors collected via 1-day and 3-day GI Symptom and Behavior Diaries
  • GI burden score derived from the Infant Gastrointestinal Symptom Questionnaire (IGSQ-13)
Infant age ≥14 to ≤35 days, 1.5 months, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 6 months, 10 months and 12 months
Weight
Time Frame: Infant age ≥14 to ≤35 days, 1.5 months, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 6 months, 10 months and 12 months

Measurement of weight in grams
Infant age ≥14 to ≤35 days, 1.5 months, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 6 months, 10 months and 12 months
Length
Time Frame: Infant age ≥14 to ≤35 days, 1.5 months, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 6 months, 10 months and 12 months

Measurement of length in cm
Infant age ≥14 to ≤35 days, 1.5 months, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 6 months, 10 months and 12 months
Head circumference
Time Frame: Infant age ≥14 to ≤35 days, 1.5 months, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 6 months, 10 months and 12 months

Measurement of head circumference in cm
Infant age ≥14 to ≤35 days, 1.5 months, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 6 months, 10 months and 12 months
Z-scores and percentiles
Time Frame: Infant age ≥14 to ≤35 days, 1.5 months, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 6 months, 10 months and 12 months.

Changes in weight-for-age, weight-for-length, length-for-age, BMI-for-age, and head-circumference-for-age z-scores and percentiles calculated according to WHO standards
Infant age ≥14 to ≤35 days, 1.5 months, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 6 months, 10 months and 12 months.
Infant illness and infection
Time Frame: Infant age 6 months

Descriptive data and overall score derived from the Pediatric Immune System Index Questionnaire completed by parents
Infant age 6 months
Infant Complementary Food Intake
Time Frame: Infant age 6-12months

Descriptive data from complementary food questionnaire and 3-day food record
Infant age 6-12months
Long-term infant illness (during the optional follow-up)
Time Frame: Infant age 12 months, 18 months, 24 months, 30 months, and 36 months

Descriptive data from the Infant Illness Questionnaire completed by parents
Infant age 12 months, 18 months, 24 months, 30 months, and 36 months

Other Outcome Measures

Other Outcome Measures

For clinical trials, a planned measurement described in the protocol that is used to determine the effect of an intervention/treatment on participants. For observational studies, a measurement or observation that is used to describe patterns of diseases or traits, or associations with exposures, risk factors, or treatment. Types of outcome measures include primary outcome measure and secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Incidence of Adverse Events
Time Frame: From infant age ≥14 to ≤35 days to 12 months

Incidents of adverse events from time of ICF signing at baseline, age ≥14 to ≤35 days, through the last study visit at age 12 months
From infant age ≥14 to ≤35 days to 12 months
Concomitant medications and treatments
Time Frame: From infant age ≥14 to ≤35 days to 12 months

All concomitant medications / treatments (including type and duration) used to treat illnesses and other conditions will be recorded continuously from time of ICF signing at baseline, age ≥14 to ≤35 days, through the last study visit at age 12 months
From infant age ≥14 to ≤35 days to 12 months

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Société des Produits Nestlé (SPN)

Collaborators

Collaborators

An organization other than the sponsor that provides support for a clinical study. This support may include activities related to funding, design, implementation, data analysis, or reporting.
Asian Hospital and Medical Center, Muntinlupa City, Philippines

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Maria Rosario JK Capeding, MD, Asian Hospital and Medical Center, Philippines

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
November 29, 2024

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
January 30, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
December 31, 2027

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
November 5, 2024

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
November 25, 2024

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
November 27, 2024

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
September 21, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
September 16, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
September 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • 2313INF

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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