Caffeine Vs. Carbohydrate Mouth Rinsing in Soccer (CAFMR-CHOMR)

March 10, 2025 updated by: Ersan Arslan, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University

Caffeine Vs. Carbohydrate Mouth Rinsing in Soccer: Effects on Passing Performance and Psychophysiological Responses in Youth Players

The present study evaluated the influence of carbohydrate mouth-rinsing (CHO-MR), caffeine mouth-rinsing (CAF-MR), and control-substance mouth rinses on Loughborough soccer passing test (LSPT) performance. The study participants were involved in a randomized, double-blind, repeated-measures design that employed four sessions (familiarization, CHOMR, CAFMR, and CONT) over ten days at a testing facility. Participants took part in six test sessions 72 hours apart. In the CHO group, 6% w/v glucose solution was used. In the CAFF group, 6% w/v glucose solution was used. CONT group, only exercise was performed without any condition.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

Participants were involved in a randomized, double-blind, repeated-measures design that employed four sessions (familiarization, LSPTCHO, LSPTCAFF, and LSPTCONT) over ten days at a testing facility. The initial session was an orientation, allowing participants to acclimate to the LSPT protocol and provide written informed consent. This session used water as a mouth rinse. Anthropometric data were also collected. Before the LSPT, participants completed 15-minute standardized warm-up sections, including jogging, sprinting, and integrating soccer-specific actions. The participants were asked to complete the LSPT at any time. During the tests, participants were blinded to the test scores. The following three sessions were test trials conducted between 15.00 h and 17.00 h at 32°C and 40% humidity. The participants performed the LSPT 72 h apart, LSPTCHO (6% w/v glucose solution), LSPTCAFF (1.2% w/v caffeine solution), and LSPTCONT conditions. Caffeine and CHO solutions were prepared in an equivalent saccharin base to ensure indistinguishability within the Falcon Sterile Tube and agitated for 30 seconds on a vortex mixer. Participants were instructed to avoid intense activity 24 hours before testing, observe a 2-hour fast before sessions, and abstain from caffeinated products on test days. All the test sessions were performed at 32°C and 40% humidity.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
20

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Turkey
      • Tokat, Turkey, 60000
        • Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa Universty

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Child

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Being healthy
  • Male soccer players
  • Willing to maintain the intervention for all sessions

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Being under 14 years old
  • Having a chronic disease
  • Contraindication for caffeine mouth-rinsing (CAF-MR)
  • Contraindication for carbohydrate mouth-rinsing (CHO-MR)
  • Contraindications for exercise

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
  • Masking: Triple

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Caffeine Mouth Rinse Protocol (CAF-MR)
Caffeine solutions (1.2% w/v caffeine solution) were prepared in an equivalent saccharin base to ensure indistinguishability within the Falcon Sterile Tube and agitated for 30 seconds on a vortex mixer. Participants were instructed to avoid intense activity 24 hours before testing, observe a 2-hour fast before sessions, and abstain from caffeinated products on test days. The following three sessions were test trials conducted between 15.00 h and 17.00 h at 32°C and 40% humidity.
Other: Caffeine
Participants' solutions were prepared in separate Falcon Sterile Tubes: LSPTCAFF (1.2% w/v caffeine solution, Nature's Supreme). An MRI was performed before the LSPT. The solution was sweetened with non-caloric artificial sweeteners consisting of sucralose. The caffeine solution was prepared in an equivalent saccharin base and shaken for 30 seconds in a vortex mixer to ensure distinguishability. Participants swished the solution in their mouth for 10 seconds before LSPT and then emptied it back into the container to be weighed again. To ensure that the solutions were not swallowed, the containers were measured before and after all MRs using a full precision balance (Etekcity, USA) accurate to 1 g/0.04 oz.
Experimental: CHO Mouth Rinse Protocol (CHO-MR)
CHO solutions (6% w/v glucose solution) were prepared in an equivalent saccharin base to ensure indistinguishability within the Falcon Sterile Tube and agitated for 30 seconds on a vortex mixer. Participants were instructed to avoid intense activity 24 hours before testing, observe a 2- hour fast before sessions, and abstain from caffeinated products on test days. The following three sessions were test trials conducted between 15.00 h and 17.00 h at 32°C and 40% humidity.
Other: CHO
Participants' solutions were prepared in separate Falcon Sterile Tubes: LSPTCHO (6% w/ v glucose solution, Protein Ocean, Turkey) An MRI was performed prior to LSPT. The solution was sweetened with non-caloric artificial sweeteners consisting of sucralose. The CHO solution was prepared in an equivalent saccharin base and shaken for 30 seconds in a vortex mixer to ensure distinguishability. Participants swished the solution in their mouth for 10 seconds before LSPT and then emptied it back into the container to be weighed again. To ensure that the solutions were not swallowed, the containers were measured before and after all MRs using a full precision balance (Etekcity, USA) accurate to 1 g/0.04 oz.
Experimental: Control Condition
Only exercise was performed without any condition.
Other: Control
For the control condition, no supplements were taken and only exercise was performed.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Psychophysiological Responses-Heart Rate
Time Frame: From baseline to the end of treatment at 2 weeks
Participants used a Polar H10 heart rate (HR) transmitter synchronized with a Polar V800 watch to track the HR throughout the session. Participants' heart rate mean, heart rate peak and heart rate percentage were recorded.
From baseline to the end of treatment at 2 weeks
Psychophysiological Responses-Rating of Perceived Exertion
Time Frame: From baseline to the end of treatment at 2 weeks
Exercise intensity in all test sessions was quantified using the rating of perceived exertion (RPE), which employs a category ratio scale ranging from 6 to 20. This scale has recently been applied in sports psychology to assess effort related to emotions and performance during competitive events.
From baseline to the end of treatment at 2 weeks
Psychophysiological Responses-Enjoyment-Brunel mood of states
Time Frame: From baseline to the end of treatment at 2 weeks
all participants completed the exercise enjoyment scale (EES), which comprises eight items rated on a 1-7 Likert scale. This scale has been validated to measure enjoyment in Turkish adolescents and adults. To assess subjective mental fatigue levels, participants were instructed to indicate their degree of mental fatigue on a Visual Analog Scale (VAS).
From baseline to the end of treatment at 2 weeks
Loughborough Soccer Passing Test (LSPT)
Time Frame: From baseline to the end of treatment at 2 weeks
Participants were informed that the LSPT was a timed performance assessment and instructed to complete it as expeditiously as possible while minimizing penalties. The LSPT comprises 16 passes: eight short passes to red and white targets 3.5m from the passing zone and eight slightly longer passes to green and blue targets 4m away. Targets were constructed by affixing colored cards (0.3 x 0.6m) to the center of standard gymnasium benches, with a vertical aluminum strip (0.1 x 0.15m) fixed to the target's center for auditory feedback on successful passes. Four randomized passing sequences were generated. An examiner announces that the subsequent target color is released immediately after the previous pass. A stopwatch measured the test duration, commencing when the participant moved the ball into the passing zone and concluding when the final pass contacted the target area.
From baseline to the end of treatment at 2 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Anthropometric Measurements 1
Time Frame: Baseline
Before breakfast, participants had their weight (kg) measured using a body composition analyser (BC-418MA, Tanita Corp., Tokyo, Japan). This device utilises bioelectrical impedance technology using multiple frequencies (ranging from 1 kHz to 50 kHz) to comprehensively assess body composition parameters.
Baseline

Other Outcome Measures

Other Outcome Measures

For clinical trials, a planned measurement described in the protocol that is used to determine the effect of an intervention/treatment on participants. For observational studies, a measurement or observation that is used to describe patterns of diseases or traits, or associations with exposures, risk factors, or treatment. Types of outcome measures include primary outcome measure and secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Anthropometric Measurements 2
Time Frame: Baseline
Before breakfast, participants had their height (cm) measured using a body composition analyser (BC-418MA, Tanita Corp., Tokyo, Japan). This device utilises bioelectrical impedance technology using multiple frequencies (ranging from 1 kHz to 50 kHz) to comprehensively assess body composition parameters.
Baseline
Anthropometric Measurements 3
Time Frame: Baseline
Before breakfast, participants had their body mass index (kg/m2) measured using a body composition analyser (BC-418MA, Tanita Corp., Tokyo, Japan). This device utilises bioelectrical impedance technology using multiple frequencies (ranging from 1 kHz to 50 kHz) to comprehensively assess body composition parameters.
Baseline

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Study Chair: Ersan Arslan, Doctorate, +905325452848

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
February 10, 2025

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
February 25, 2025

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
February 26, 2025

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
March 5, 2025

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
March 10, 2025

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
March 25, 2025

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
March 25, 2025

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
March 10, 2025

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
March 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • UGaziosmanpasa-1

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

UNDECIDED

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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