Comfort Care Bundle

January 17, 2026 updated by: Banu Terzi, Akdeniz University

The Effect of Comfort Care Packages Applied to Intensive Care Patients on Patients' Comfort Level and Physiological Parameters

Intensive care units (ICUs) are specialized units where numerous complex treatment and care procedures are applied. In these units, critically ill patients are exposed to stressful conditions and experience significant pain and other discomforts stemming from multiple internal and external factors that can alter their quality of life and trigger symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These discomforts can have various short-term or long-term consequences for patients after discharge from the ICU, such as anxiety and/or depression or PTSD, which can affect their quality of life. Therefore, knowing the negative factors affecting patient comfort in the ICU, as well as measuring patient comfort and eliminating or reducing these factors through comfort care, is crucial in reducing morbidity and mortality rates in patients. It is noteworthy that there is no specific care package in the literature aimed at improving ICU-specific comfort. Accordingly, this study aims to develop a "Comfort Care Package" to improve the comfort level of ICU patients. The research population will consist of all patients aged 18-65 years admitted to the intensive care units of Bursa City Hospital. This study will test the effect of the developed "Comfort Care Package" on the comfort level and physiological parameters of 88 ICU patients (control group=44 and study group=44) who meet the inclusion criteria and whose data were calculated using the G*Power 3.1 program. The study will begin with the collection of data from the control group. This group will receive routine ICU care. The study group will receive the Comfort Care Package. It is anticipated that the ICU-specific comfort care package developed within the scope of this study will make significant contributions to the creation of nursing care plans aimed at increasing the comfort levels of critically ill individuals. Therefore, in patients with improved comfort, targeted recovery outcomes may increase, mortality rates may decrease, and thus public health may be sustained.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Active, not recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
88

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Staying in the intensive care unit for at least 48 hours
  • Communication language being Turkish
  • For non-intubated patients, GCS > 12; for intubated patients, GCS > 10 + intubated (verbal response)

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Hearing and hearing problems
  • History or diagnosis of cognitive impairment, mental illness, nervous system disorders, brain injury
  • RASS score >1
  • Delirium
  • Admitted with a diagnosis of alcohol/drug intoxication
  • Pregnant
  • Hemodynamically unstable patients receiving high-dose inotropic/vasopressor drug therapy
  • Transfer to another ICU
  • Emergency discharge from the ICU for any reason

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
  • Allocation: Non-Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Double

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Intervention-Behavioral

Comfort Care Bundle Contents:

  • Ensure and maintain Physical Comfort (Prevent and manage pain, support daily living activities)
  • Ensure and maintain Psychospiritual Comfort (Manage agitation-sedation and delirium)
  • Ensure and maintain Environmental Comfort (Arrange the environment to facilitate the patient's adaptation)
  • Ensure and maintain Sociocultural Comfort (Enable and maintain the patient's interaction with their environment, ensure family participation in care)
Behavioral: Comfort Care Bundle
A multicomponent comfort care bundle consisting of physical, psychosocial, environmental, and sociocultural comfort interventions delivered by ICU nurses to enhance patient comfort and reduce discomfort.
No Intervention: Routine ICU care group
To avoid negatively impacting the data collection environment in the research (preventing issues such as bias by the nurse performing the procedure, ethical dilemmas, etc.), the study will begin with the collection of data from a control group. The control group will receive routine nursing care from the clinic.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
The Comfort Behaviors Checklist
Time Frame: O. Day and 7. Day
The Comfort Behaviors Checklist consists of 30 behavioral indicators. In addition, Kolcaba suggests that if listening comfort is the sole measurement tool, the individual should digitally score their pain and comfort, and that comfort should also be evaluated using a lens. Listening is coded in 42 different ways: 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 27. The list is scored on a 4-point Likert scale. Parts of the list that are unsuitable for people are listed with a score of 0. The total number of questions answered is multiplied by 4 to obtain the possible score. The terminology questions are translated, and the scores of all questions are taken into account to obtain the raw comfort score. Finally, the possible comfort scores are divided by the raw scores to obtain a decimal number. The decimal part of the resulting score is expressed as a two-digit number. Higher scores indicate a high level of comfort.
O. Day and 7. Day

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Akdeniz University

Collaborators

Collaborators

An organization other than the sponsor that provides support for a clinical study. This support may include activities related to funding, design, implementation, data analysis, or reporting.
Halic University
Uludag University
Tarsus University
Bursa City Hospital

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

  • • Lynn, M. R. 1986. "Determination and quantification of content validity", Nursing Research, 35(6), 381-5. • Ma, P., Liu, J., Xi, X., Du, B., Yuan, X., Lin, H., Wang, Y., Su, J., Zeng, L. 2010. "Practice of sedation and the perception of discomfort during mechanical ventilation in Chinese intensive care units", Journal of Critical Care, 25, 451-457. • Malinowski, A., Stamler, L. L. 2002. "Nursing theory and concept development or analysıs. Comfort: exploration of the concept in nursing", Journal of Advanced Nursing, 39(6), 599-606. • Matthews, E. E. 2011. "Sleep disturbances and fatigue in critically ill patients", American Association of Critical Care Nurses Advanced Critical Care, 22(3), 204-224. • Misak, C. J. 2004. "The critical care experience", American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 170, 357-359. • Olausson, S., Fridh, I., Lindahl, B., Torkildsby, A. B. 2019. "The Meaning of comfort in the intensive care unit", Crit Care Nurs Q, 42(3), 329-341. • Orçan, F. 2018. "Açımlayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi: ilk hangisi kullanılmalı?", Eğitimde ve Psikolojide Ölçme ve Değerlendirme Dergisi, 9(4), 413-421. • Özkan, F., Şahinoğlu, A. H. 2009. "Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi cerrahi yoğun bakım ünitesinde yatan 967 hastanın retrospektif analizi", Journal of Experimental Clinical Medicine, 26, 62-67. • Park, M. S., Kang, K. J., Jang, S. J., Lee, J. Y., Chang, S. J. 2018. "Evaluating test-retest reliability in patient-reported outcome measures for older people: A systematic review", Int J Nurs Stud., 79, 58-69. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2017.11.003. • Polat, M.G. 2007. "Yoğun bakımda fizyoterapi uygulamaları", Yoğun Bakım Dergisi, 7(3), 357-361. • Pugh, R. J. 2007. "The impact of noise in the intensive care unit", Critical and Emergency Care, 4, 12-18. • Riker, R. R., Picard, J. T., Fraser, G. L. 1999. "Prospective evaluation of the Sedation-Agitation Scale for adult critically ill patients", Crit Care Med, 27(7), 1325-132. • Şahin, M. G.,

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
June 1, 2025

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
June 15, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
July 30, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
January 17, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
January 17, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
January 26, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
January 26, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
January 17, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
January 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • TBAEK-354

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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