Gamified Metaverse Education for Ventrogluteal IM Injection (G-META-IM) (G-META-IM)

February 1, 2026 updated by: Aliye Yıldırım, Suleyman Demirel University

The Effect of a Gamified Metaverse-Based Education on Nursing Students' Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Ventrogluteal Intramuscular Injection

This study aims to examine the effect of a gamified, metaverse-based education program on nursing students' knowledge and attitudes regarding ventrogluteal intramuscular injection. Intramuscular injection is a commonly used nursing skill that requires accurate anatomical knowledge and correct technique to ensure patient safety. The ventrogluteal site is considered a safe injection site; however, nursing students often report limited knowledge and confidence in its use.

In this study, nursing students will be assigned to either an intervention group or a control group. The intervention group will receive a gamified metaverse-based educational program designed to teach ventrogluteal site identification using the V method and the correct steps of intramuscular injection. The control group will receive traditional education using standard teaching methods.

Data will be collected before and after the educational intervention using a knowledge test and a learning attitude scale. The results of this study are expected to provide evidence on the effectiveness of metaverse-based and gamified education approaches in nursing education and to support the development of safe and innovative learning environments for nursing students.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Not yet recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

This study is designed to evaluate the effectiveness of a gamified, metaverse-based educational program on nursing students' knowledge and attitudes toward ventrogluteal intramuscular (IM) injection. Intramuscular injection is a fundamental nursing skill that requires accurate identification of anatomical landmarks and adherence to safe injection principles. Although the ventrogluteal site is recommended as a safe injection site due to its anatomical advantages, its use remains limited among nursing students, often due to insufficient knowledge, lack of confidence, and limited practical experience.

The study will be conducted using a quasi-experimental design with an intervention group and a control group. The study population will consist of first-year nursing students enrolled in a nursing program during the 2025-2026 academic year. Eligible participants who provide informed consent will be assigned to either the intervention group or the control group.

The intervention group will receive a gamified metaverse-based education program developed to support learning of ventrogluteal site anatomy, identification of the injection site using the V method, and the correct steps of intramuscular injection. The program includes interactive virtual learning modules, educational videos, and game-based assessment activities designed to enhance engagement and learning motivation. The control group will receive traditional education delivered through standard teaching methods commonly used in nursing education.

Data will be collected from both groups before and after the educational intervention. Data collection tools will include a sociodemographic information form, a knowledge test related to ventrogluteal intramuscular injection, and a learning attitude scale. Pre-intervention and post-intervention measurements will be compared to assess changes in knowledge levels and learning attitudes between and within groups.

The findings of this study are expected to contribute to the growing body of evidence on the use of digital, immersive, and gamified learning approaches in nursing education. The results may support the integration of metaverse-based educational strategies into nursing curricula and help improve safe injection practices by enhancing students' knowledge, confidence, and attitudes toward learning.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
60

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Child
  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Being enrolled as a first-year nursing student during the 2025-2026 academic year
  • Having no prior formal education or training specifically focused on ventrogluteal intramuscular injection
  • Willingness to participate in the study
  • Providing written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Previous participation in a structured training or simulation program related to ventrogluteal intramuscular injection
  • Incomplete participation in the educational intervention or data collection process
  • Declining or withdrawing informed consent at any stage of the study

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Other
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Metaverse-Based Gamified Education
Participants in this arm will receive a gamified, metaverse-based education program designed to teach ventrogluteal intramuscular injection, including anatomical landmark identification using the V method and correct injection procedures.
Behavioral: Gamified Metaverse-Based Education Program
Standard theoretical instruction on ventrogluteal intramuscular injection delivered using conventional teaching methods commonly used in nursing education.
Other Names:
  • Metaverse-Based Gamified Education
No Intervention: Traditional Education
Participants in this arm will receive traditional education on ventrogluteal intramuscular injection delivered using standard teaching methods commonly used in nursing education.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Knowledge Level Regarding Ventrogluteal Intramuscular Injection
Time Frame: Before and immediately after the educational intervention
The level of knowledge of nursing students regarding ventrogluteal intramuscular injection, including anatomical landmark identification and correct injection procedures, measured using a structured knowledge test.
Before and immediately after the educational intervention

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Suleyman Demirel University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Estimated)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
March 1, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
May 1, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
July 1, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
February 1, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
February 1, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
February 9, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
February 9, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
February 1, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
February 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • E-62310886-605-543580

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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