Gamification Intervertion in Children With Type 1 Diabetes

February 6, 2026 updated by: Gülfidan Başer, KTO Karatay University

The Effect of Education Provided to Children With Type 1 Diabetes Using Gamification Methods on Health Literacy and Quality of Life: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective: This study aims to examine the effect of education provided through gamification methods on health literacy and quality of life in children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (T1DM).

Materials and Methods: The study is planned as a randomized controlled trial with a pre-test-post-test, parallel design (1:1). The data for the study will be collected between January and April 2026 from patients diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus at the Ankara Etlik City Hospital Pediatric-2 Endocrinology Service. The sample size has been determined to be 52 patients, with 26 in each of the experimental and control groups, based on data from similar studies in the literature. Data will be collected through individual interviews using a Personal Information Form, the Health Literacy Scale for Acute Complications of Diabetes in Children Aged 8-12 with type 1 diabetes mellitus, and the Quality of Life Scale for Children with Diabetes Mellitus. The gamified education will be provided by a researcher who has completed a 2.5-hour training program from BTK Academy. Informed Consent Forms and other forms will be completed by patients who meet the inclusion criteria and volunteer to participate. Randomization will be performed by someone other than the researcher. The experimental group will receive gamified education in addition to standard education, while the control group will receive only standard education. Data will be analyzed using the SPSS program. The research will be conducted in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration.

Findings: The findings of the study will be analyzed using SPSS after the application and data collection are completed.

Conclusion: The results of the study will be written after the application of the study and the collection of data, followed by the analysis of the data using SPSS and the determination of the findings.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
52

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Locations

  • Turkey (Türkiye)
    • Yenimahalle
      • Ankara, Yenimahalle, Turkey (Türkiye)
        • Recruiting
        • Etlik City Hospital

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Child

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Diagnosed with type 1 diabetes
  • Aged between 8 and 12 years
  • Diagnosed with type 1 diabetes for at least 1 year and having received standard diabetes education
  • Able to read and write

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Presence of speech, hearing, or visual impairments
  • Presence of any other comorbid chronic disease
  • Presence of cognitive impairment

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
No Intervention: standard
Active Comparator: education provided through gamification methods
Other: Gamification
This intervention will provide randomized controlled evidence on a gamified diabetes education program for children, an approach that is currently limited in Türkiye, thereby contributing to evidence-based practice. In addition, by adopting a holistic approach that jointly evaluates health literacy and psychological symptoms, the program aims not only to improve knowledge but also to enhance quality of life through an innovative and effective educational model.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Health Literacy Scale for Acute Complications of Diabetes in Children Aged 8-12
Time Frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
The scale developed by Çövener and Yeşil (2024) consists of 18 items and three subscales. A highly significant positive correlation was found between the total scale score and the subfactors of knowledge about acute complications of diabetes, interpretation of encountered problems, and healthy lifestyle behaviors (p=0.000). In other words, as the total scale score increases, the subfactor scores also increase.
Through study completion, an average of 1 year

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Quality of Life Scale for Children with Diabetes Mellitus
Time Frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
A linear conversion is applied in the calculation of the total score on the scale, converting it to a score between 0 and 100. If the answer to the question is marked as never, it receives 100 points; if marked as rarely, it receives 75 points; if marked as sometimes, it receives 50 points; if marked as often, it receives 25 points; and if marked as almost always, it receives 0 points. The higher the total score, the better the perceived health-related quality of life.
Through study completion, an average of 1 year

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
KTO Karatay University

Collaborators

Collaborators

An organization other than the sponsor that provides support for a clinical study. This support may include activities related to funding, design, implementation, data analysis, or reporting.
Ankara Etlik City Hospital

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

  • Akın, B., & Koçoğlu, D. (2017). Randomize kontrollü deneyler. *Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi*, 4(1), 73-92. American Diabetes Association. (2023). Standards of medical care in diabetes-2023. *Diabetes Care*, 46(Supplement\_1), S1-S291. Altundağ, S. (2018). Tip 1 diyabetli çocukların hastalığa uyumunda eğitimin ve sosyal desteğin etkisi. *Pamukkale Tıp Dergisi*, 11(2):137-144. Akyol Güner, T., Kuzu, A., & Bayraktaroğlu, T. (2020). Diyabetli bireylerde sağlık okuryazarlığı ve akılcı ilaç kullanımı arasındaki ilişki. *Turkish Journal of Diabetes and Obesity*, 4(3), 214-223. Ayar, D. (2012). *Diabetes Mellitus'lu çocuklarda yaşam kalitesi ölçeğinin geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması*. Yüksek lisans tezi, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İzmir. [YÖK Ulusal Tez Merkezi](https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezDetay.jsp?id=MEPAo2hK_UTZZs2oWMCStw&no=u1Mx6E6BUBcEGeGf10E0eg) Ayar, D., & Öztürk, C. (2015). Ebeveyn perspektifiyle pediatrik yaşam kalitesi envanteri diyabet modülünün Türkçe geçerlik güvenirlik çalışması. *Hemşirelikte Araştırma Geliştirme Dergisi*, 17(2/3), 1-9. Baştopçu, Ö., Arslan, S., Arslanoğlu, İ. (2021). Tip 1 diyabetli adölesanların uyku ve yaşam kalitesi ile psikolojik sağlamlık düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki. *International Anatolia Academic Online Journal Health Sciences*, 7(2). Bilgin, M., Yılmaz, A., & Kaya, S. (2020). Kronik hastalıklarda yaşam kalitesine genel bakış. *Erciyes Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi*, 9(1), 1-10. Bujanda, A., Bujanda, E. (2022). DIABESCAPE: An innovative educational project on diabetes. *Endocrinologia Diabetes Nutricion*, 69(6), 392-400. Çakmak, M. A., Simzari, W. (2024). Sağlıklı beslenmenin öğretilmesi ile ilgili bir oyunlaştırma modeli önerisi. *IGUSABDER*, 931-940. Delibaş, L., Erci, B. (2021). Sosyal bilişsel kuram temelli eğitimle tip 1 diyabetli çocukların hastalık yönetiminin desteklenmesi. *TJFMPC*, 15(2):404-13. Demir, G., Akcay, N. (2022). Diabetes education in child

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Estimated)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
January 25, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
April 30, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
August 30, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
January 19, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
February 6, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
February 13, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
February 13, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
February 6, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
February 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • 2025/061 (Comité de Ética de la Investigación de A Coruña-Ferrol)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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