Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Form of the Enjoyment of Physical Activity Scale-8 in Geriatrics With Minimal Cognitive Impairment

May 14, 2026 updated by: Gulfidan Tokgoz, Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa

Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Form of the Enjoyment of Physical Activity Scale-8 (PACES-8) in Geriatric Individuals With Minimal Cognitive Impairment

The main objective of this study is to examine the validity and reliability of the Turkish form of the Enjoyment of Physical Activity Scale-8 (PACES-8) in individuals aged 65 and over with Minimal Cognitive Impairment (MCI).

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Not yet recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

While the psychometric properties of PACES-8 have been examined in various populations in the current literature, data on its validity and reliability in geriatric individuals with Minimal Cognitive Impairment (MCI) are limited. This gap highlights a significant research need to accurately analyze the motivational determinants of physical activity behavior in elderly individuals with cognitive fragility and to make intervention programs more effective. Therefore, evaluating the validity and reliability of PACES-8 in geriatric individuals with MCI will make a significant contribution to both clinical practice and research.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Observational

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
100

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Locations

  • Turkey (Türkiye)
      • Balıkesir, Turkey (Türkiye)
        • Balıkesir University
        • Contact:
        • Sub-Investigator:
          • Bilal Katipoğlu
        • Sub-Investigator:
          • Ebru Tekin

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sampling Method

Probability Sample

Study Population

Geriatric individuals aged 65 and over who meet the inclusion criteria for the study.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Being 65 years of age or older,
  • Having a diagnosis of Minimal Cognitive Impairment (MCI),
  • Having a Standardized Mini Mental Test (SMMT) score between 24 and 27 (mild cognitive impairment level),
  • Being largely independent in daily living activities (absence of functional dependency),
  • Being able to mobilize independently,
  • Having the communication level to understand and answer the survey questions,
  • Volunteering to participate in the study and providing written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Diagnosis of dementia or advanced cognitive impairment,
  • Acute medical conditions that prevent participation in physical activity,
  • Severe vision or hearing loss,
  • Presence of neurological or psychiatric disorders that prevent completion of questionnaire forms,
  • Serious neurological event within the last 6 months (stroke, traumatic brain injury, etc.).

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort

Group / Cohort

A group or subgroup of participants in an observational study that is assessed for biomedical or health outcomes.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Geriartric Indivıduals with MCI
The study population will consist of individuals aged 65 and over who have been diagnosed with Minimal Cognitive Impairment.
Other: Assessments
Data will be collected after a controlled intervention representing participants' routine physical activity habits. Following the protocol implemented by Çınar-Medeni et al. (2025), participants will be asked to perform a 15-minute moderate-intensity walk (followed by a talk test). Immediately after the activity, the PACES-8 scale will be administered to measure participants' immediate enjoyment levels. To determine test-retest reliability, the PACES-8 scale will be re-administered to 20% of participants (approximately 20 people) 15 days after the initial measurement.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale-8 (PACES-8):
Time Frame: 1 week
This is an 8-item scale originally developed by Mullen et al. (2011) and validated in Turkish in adults by Çınar-Medeni et al. (2025). The scale uses a 7-point Likert-type format, with each item scored from 1 (did not enjoy it at all) to 7 (enjoyed it very much). The total score ranges from a minimum of 8 to a maximum of 56, with higher scores indicating greater enjoyment of physical activity.
1 week

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF):
Time Frame: 1 week
This questionnaire will be used for criterion validity analysis. The IPAQ-SF assesses self-reported vigorous, moderate, and walking physical activity durations over the past 7 days (Öztürk, 2005). Total physical activity level is calculated in MET-minutes/week, with higher scores indicating greater levels of physical activity. The minimum possible score is 0 MET-minutes/week, and there is no fixed maximum, as scores are continuous and vary based on activity duration and intensity.
1 week

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa

Collaborators

Collaborators

An organization other than the sponsor that provides support for a clinical study. This support may include activities related to funding, design, implementation, data analysis, or reporting.
Balikesir University

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Bilal Katipoğlu, Yıldırım Beyazıt Universty

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Estimated)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
May 15, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
June 15, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
August 1, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
May 9, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
May 9, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
May 15, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
May 18, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
May 14, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
May 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • 2026/42

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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