Using Digital Health Technology to Monitor Patients With Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC)

June 8, 2026 updated by: Aparna Goel, Stanford University

Characterizing Fatigue, Sleep and Activity in Patients Living With Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC) Using Digital Health Technology

The purpose of this study is to explore the use of digital health technology for measuring symptoms and daily health in people with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). Biometric data captured with a wearable device will be compared to questionnaire responses (patient-reported outcomes, or PROs) and laboratory test results to test the hypothesis that changes in biometrics can be correlated to changes in disease activity.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Enrolling by invitation

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Detailed Description

Patients enrolled are intended to start a second-line therapy (2L) for control of their PBC - the choice of therapy will be at the discretion of the treating hepatologist. Once 2L therapy is initiated, the study will assess for correlations between changes in biochemistries (alkaline phosphatase, or ALP) with biometrics and PRO results.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Observational

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
30

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • California
      • Redwood City, California, United States, 94063
        • Stanford University School of Medicine

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

30 adult patients, diagnosed with PBC and with abnormal alkaline phosphatase (ALP)

Description

  • Inclusion Criteria:

    1. PBC diagnosis based on meeting 2 of 3 criteria:

      1. Cholestatic liver biochemistry at disease outset (defined as elevation in the serum ALP level or GGT).
      2. Associated autoantibody (AMA or PBC-associated antinuclear antibody by immune fluorescence or anti-PDC, anti-Gp210, or anti-Sp100) at a titer of greater than or equal to 1:40.
      3. Diagnostic or compatible liver biopsy.
    2. Ability to provide informed consent
    3. Ability to complete digital questionnaires
    4. Elevated alkaline phosphatase
  • Abbreviations:

alkaline phosphatase [ALP] gamma-glutamyl-transferase [GGT] antimitochondrial antibody [AMA] Primary Biliary Cholangitis [PBC] Plasmacytoid dendritic cells [PDC] glycoprotein 210 [Gp210] Scleroderma 100 [Sp100]

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Uncontrolled chronic inflammatory condition that is likely to contribute to symptoms of poor fatigue and sleep and confound results.
  2. Active malignancy requiring treatment

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort

Group / Cohort

A group or subgroup of participants in an observational study that is assessed for biomedical or health outcomes.
Patients with Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC) and an abnormal alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
Patients with an ALP >1.67x ULN will be preferentially enrolled, but all patients with an elevated ALP can be considered.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Sleep scores to assess sleep quality will be measured in PBC patients using a wearable device
Time Frame: 7 months (1 month of screening and 6 months wearing device)
Sleep Score 0 - 100 where 0 is worst sleep experience and 100 is best sleep experience
7 months (1 month of screening and 6 months wearing device)
SpO2 (saturation of peripheral oxygen) levels to assess sleep quality
Time Frame: 7 months (1 month of screening and 6 months wearing device)
7 months (1 month of screening and 6 months wearing device)
Total time in bed, to assess sleep quality
Time Frame: 7 months (1 month of screening and 6 months wearing device)
Number of hours per day spent in bed
7 months (1 month of screening and 6 months wearing device)
Total sleep, to assess sleep quality
Time Frame: 7 months (1 month of screening and 6 months wearing device)
Number of hours per day spent asleep
7 months (1 month of screening and 6 months wearing device)
Sleep stage time series (REM), to assess sleep quality
Time Frame: 7 months (1 month of screening and 6 months wearing device)
Number of hours per day spent in REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep
7 months (1 month of screening and 6 months wearing device)
Sleep stage time series (deep), to assess sleep quality
Time Frame: 7 months (1 month of screening and 6 months wearing device)
Number of hours per day spent in deep sleep
7 months (1 month of screening and 6 months wearing device)
Sleep stage time series (light), to assess sleep quality
Time Frame: 7 months (1 month of screening and 6 months wearing device)
Number of hours per day spent in light sleep
7 months (1 month of screening and 6 months wearing device)
Number of "get ups" during sleep, to assess sleep quality
Time Frame: 7 months (1 month of screening and 6 months wearing device)
Number of times "getting up" during the night while trying to sleep
7 months (1 month of screening and 6 months wearing device)
Temperature deviation from baseline, to assess sleep quality
Time Frame: 7 months (1 month of screening and 6 months wearing device)
change in temperature over time during sleep cycle
7 months (1 month of screening and 6 months wearing device)
Heart rate
Time Frame: 7 months (1 month of screening and 6 months wearing device)
7 months (1 month of screening and 6 months wearing device)
Respiratory rate
Time Frame: 7 months (1 month of screening and 6 months wearing device)
7 months (1 month of screening and 6 months wearing device)
Calories burned during exercise to assess daily activity
Time Frame: 7 months (1 month of screening and 6 months wearing device)
Number of calories burned during each exercise session
7 months (1 month of screening and 6 months wearing device)
Calories burned throughout the day to assess daily activity
Time Frame: 7 months (1 month of screening and 6 months wearing device)
total number of calories burned each day
7 months (1 month of screening and 6 months wearing device)
Distance traveled during exercise to assess daily activity
Time Frame: 7 months (1 month of screening and 6 months wearing device)
Number of miles traveled during each exercise session
7 months (1 month of screening and 6 months wearing device)
Number of steps to assess daily activity
Time Frame: 7 months (1 month of screening and 6 months wearing device)
total number of steps taken each day
7 months (1 month of screening and 6 months wearing device)
Change in PBC-40 fatigue domain score in patients with PBC
Time Frame: 7 months (1 month screening and 6 months wearing the device)
The PBC-40 fatigue domain allows a potential value range of 11 to 55 with higher values denoting worse fatigue. A score of >33 identifies patients with moderate-severe fatigue and a mean change in this score by 5 points after 3 months has been used in other studies to denote clinically meaningful significance.
7 months (1 month screening and 6 months wearing the device)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Change in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels
Time Frame: Baseline and following 2L therapy (at doctor's discretion, within 7 month timeline)
ALP levels (where lower levels reflect better control of PBC disease) will be measured in patients both before and after a second-line therapy (2L) is started.
Baseline and following 2L therapy (at doctor's discretion, within 7 month timeline)
Changes in Daily Fatigue Impact Scale.
Time Frame: 7 months (1 month screening and 6 months wearing the device)
The Daily Fatigue Impact Scale measures how fatigue interferes with daily functioning. Scores range from 0 to 32, with higher numbers indicating a greater severity of fatigue.
7 months (1 month screening and 6 months wearing the device)
Change in Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) score
Time Frame: 7 months (1 month screening and 6 months wearing the device)
The ESS score (the sum of 8 item scores, 0-3) can range from 0 to 24. A result from 11 to 24 indicates excessive (abnormal) daytime sleepiness.
7 months (1 month screening and 6 months wearing the device)

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Stanford University

Collaborators

Collaborators

An organization other than the sponsor that provides support for a clinical study. This support may include activities related to funding, design, implementation, data analysis, or reporting.
Gilead Sciences

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Aparna Goel, MD, Stanford University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Estimated)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
July 1, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
October 1, 2027

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
April 1, 2028

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
May 4, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
June 1, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
June 8, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
June 11, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
June 8, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
June 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • 83091

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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