A Randomized Trial of Carotid Artery Stenting With Balloon Guide Catheter

June 25, 2026 updated by: GuoQiang Xu, Hebei General Hospital

Balloon Guide Catheter-Assisted Carotid Artery Stenting With Multimodal Cerebral Protection: A Prospective, Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Trial

This prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled study enrolled patients undergoing carotid artery stenting (CAS) with cerebral embolic protection for carotid artery stenosis. They were randomly assigned to either a combination of proximal balloon occlusion, filter protection, intermediate catheter or filter protection alone. The study included 132 patients, and the primary endpoint was the number of new infarcts on cerebral diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) within 48 hours (±24 hours) post-procedure.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Not yet recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

Carotid artery stenting (CAS) is an established treatment for carotid stenosis, yet the optimal cerebral embolic protection strategy remains uncertain. This prospective, multicenter, randomized, open-label, controlled trial will enroll 132 patients with symptomatic (≥50%) or asymptomatic (≥70%) carotid stenosis, who will be randomly assigned 1:1 to either experimental multimodal protection (Balloon Guide Catheter plus distal filter and intermediate catheter aspiration) or conventional distal filter protection alone. The primary endpoint is the number of new infarcts on post-procedural diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) assessed within 48 hours (±24 hours), with secondary endpoints including device success and defect rates, incidences of symptomatic and all intracranial hemorrhage within 48 hours post-procedure, ipsilateral target-vessel stroke, TIA, major adverse events (stroke/death/MI), and adverse/serious adverse events at 30 and 90 days, all-cause mortality at 90 days, changes in mRS score at 30 and 90 days, and procedure-related complications (e.g., dissection, hyperperfusion syndrome).

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
132

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Aged between 18 and 80 years (inclusive), with no gender restriction.
  2. Imaging diagnosis indicates symptomatic carotid artery stenosis (by NASCET method) ≥50% or asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis (by NASCET method) ≥70%.
  3. Suitable for carotid artery stenting.
  4. Good compliance, voluntarily signed the informed consent form, and able to follow up as required.

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Severe tortuosity or calcification of the diseased vessel, preventing device delivery.
  2. Patients with ipsilateral external carotid artery occlusion or severe stenosis of the intracranial segment of the internal carotid artery.
  3. Patients with contralateral common carotid artery occlusion or severe stenosis or occlusion of the internal carotid artery.
  4. Patients with severe stenosis or occlusion of the vertebrobasilar artery (excluding non-dominant vertebral artery).
  5. Spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage, massive cerebral infarction, progressive stroke, or myocardial infarction within the past 3 months.
  6. Presence of substantial acute or subacute thrombus adjacent to the lesion.
  7. mRS > 3.
  8. Patients with a clear risk of cardioembolism, such as atrial fibrillation, or those with definite indications for anticoagulation.
  9. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease requiring long-term continuous oxygen therapy.
  10. Patients with prior stent treatment in the ipsilateral head and neck vessels.
  11. Patients with end-stage renal failure requiring dialysis.
  12. Life expectancy less than 6 months.
  13. Patients unsuitable for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for any reason.
  14. Patients with absolute or relative contraindications to antiplatelet therapy.
  15. Inability to cooperate with the study due to dementia or mental disorder.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Combined Cerebral Protection (BGC + Filter + intermediate catheter)
Participants in this arm will undergo carotid artery stenting (CAS) with a multimodal cerebral embolic protection strategy, incorporating proximal balloon occlusion via a Balloon Guide Catheter (BGC), distal filter protection, and active aspiration through an intermediate catheter.
Device: Balloon Guide Catheter
Balloon guide catheter for proximal flow arrest and debris aspiration during carotid stenting.
Active Comparator: Standard Protection Group (Filter Alone)
Participants in this arm will undergo carotid artery stenting (CAS) with distal filter protection.
Device: Filter
Distal embolic filter deployed beyond the stenosis to capture debris during stent placement.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Number of new infarcts on cerebral diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) within 48 hours (±24 hours) post-procedure
Time Frame: within 48 hours (±24 hours) post-procedure
Total number of new DWI positive lesions on post procedural brain MRI within 48 hours (±24 hours). New lesions are defined as foci of hyperintensity not seen on baseline DWI (if available), or otherwise as lesions consistent with acute embolic infarction.
within 48 hours (±24 hours) post-procedure

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Device Success Rate
Time Frame: during the procedure
Device success for the balloon dilation catheter is defined as successful delivery, complete inflation, and smooth retrieval of the catheter system.
during the procedure
Incidence of Major Adverse Events (MAE) within 30 days, including any stroke, death, and myocardial infarction.
Time Frame: within 30-day post-procedure
The rate of major adverse events (MAE), defined as the cumulative incidence of any death, stroke, or myocardial infarction within 30-day post-procedure.
within 30-day post-procedure
Changes in mRS score at 30 days and 90 days post-procedure.
Time Frame: 30 days and 90 days post-procedure
Modified rankin score measures the degree of disability or dependence in the daily activities of people who have suffered a stroke or other causes of neurological disability. The range is 0-6 (0 is highest function with no symptoms and 6 is death).
30 days and 90 days post-procedure
Incidence of ipsilateral target vessel stroke at 30 days and 90 days post-procedure.
Time Frame: 30 days and 90 days post-procedure
Stroke is defined as an acute neurological deficit of vascular origin lasting ≥24 hours, or lasting <24 hours with neuroimaging evidence of new infarction, occurring in the territory of the treated carotid artery.
30 days and 90 days post-procedure
Incidence of transient ischemic attacks (TIA) at 30 days and 90 days post-procedure.
Time Frame: 30 days and 90 days post-procedure
Transient ischemic attacks (TIA) was defined as transient focal neurological deficit of vascular origin lasting <24 hours with no acute infarct on neuroimaging.
30 days and 90 days post-procedure
Incidence of Procedure-related complications (e.g., vessel dissection, hyperperfusion syndrome, etc.).
Time Frame: during the procedure
Procedure related complications include vessel dissection, hyperperfusion syndrome, access site events, and other adverse events directly attributable to carotid artery stenting (CAS).
during the procedure
Incidence of adverse events and serious adverse events at 30 days and 90 days post-procedure.
Time Frame: 30 days and 90 days post-procedure
The Incidence of Adverse events or severe adverse event at 30 days and 90 days post-procedure.
30 days and 90 days post-procedure
Incidence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage within 48 hours (±24 hours) post-procedure.
Time Frame: within 48 hours (±24 hours) post-procedure
Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage defined as any intracranial hemorrhage on imaging with new neurological symptoms or NIHSS increase ≥4, or death.
within 48 hours (±24 hours) post-procedure
Incidence of intracranial hemorrhage within 48 hours (±24 hours) post-procedure.
Time Frame: within 48 hours (±24 hours) post-procedure
Incidence of all intracranial hemorrhage on post-procedural brain imaging within 48 hours.
within 48 hours (±24 hours) post-procedure
Incidence of all-cause mortality within 90 days post-procedure.
Time Frame: 90 days post-procedure
Incidence of death from any cause occurring within 90 days following the procedure.
90 days post-procedure
Incidence of device defects.
Time Frame: during the procedure
The Incidence of device defects in the process of testing, such as label errors, quality problems, malfunctions, etc.
during the procedure

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Hebei General Hospital

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Guodong Xu, Hebei General Hospital

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Estimated)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
July 1, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
December 31, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
June 30, 2027

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
June 25, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
June 25, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
July 1, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
July 1, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
June 25, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
June 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • BGC-2026-01

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

Cookie Settings

We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. For more details carefully read our Privacy and Cookies Policy. ...>>>You can change your preferences or withdraw your consent at any time by deleting the cookies from your website or computer as described in the policy. Please accept it and choose your preferences by ticking the corresponding boxes in the "Manage Settings" section below. Please carefully read our Terms of Service before you proceed with using any part of this website.
«Manage Settings