Functional Movement, Balance, and Strength in Professional and Amateur Soccer Players

July 9, 2026 updated by: Görkem Açar, Istanbul Gelisim University

Comparison of Functional Movement, Dynamic Balance, and Lower Extremity Muscle Strength Between Professional and Amateur Soccer Players

This observational comparative study aims to evaluate differences in functional movement quality, dynamic balance, lower extremity muscle strength, and jumping performance between professional and amateur male soccer players. A total of 144 licensed soccer players (72 professional and 72 amateur) will undergo standardized assessments, including the Functional Movement Screen (FMS), Y-Balance Test (YBT), countermovement jump (CMJ), vertical jump (VJ), one-repetition maximum (1RM) strength tests, and eccentric hamstring strength assessment using the NordBord system. The findings are expected to improve understanding of how competitive level influences physical performance characteristics and may contribute to the development of evidence-based training, injury prevention, and athlete development strategies.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Observational

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
144

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Turkey (Türkiye)
    • Istanbul
      • Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey (Türkiye), 34720
        • Istanbul Gelisim University

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

The study population consisted of healthy licensed male soccer players actively competing in professional and amateur soccer leagues. A total of 144 participants (72 professional and 72 amateur) were recruited during the competitive season. All participants regularly participated in team training (4-5 sessions per week) and official league matches. The study population was selected to compare functional movement quality, dynamic balance, lower extremity muscle strength, and jumping performance between different competitive levels in soccer.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Male licensed soccer players.
  • Professional or amateur soccer players actively competing during the study period.
  • Regular participation in team training (4-5 sessions per week) and official competitions.
  • Ability to complete all physical performance assessments.
  • Provided written informed consent before participation.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Current musculoskeletal injury or pain affecting performance.
  • History of lower-extremity injury preventing full participation in testing.
  • Neurological, cardiovascular, or other medical conditions limiting physical performance.
  • Inability or unwillingness to complete all assessment procedures.
  • Withdrawal of informed consent.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort

Group / Cohort

A group or subgroup of participants in an observational study that is assessed for biomedical or health outcomes.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Professional Soccer Players
Male licensed professional soccer players competing in professional soccer leagues. Participants underwent assessments of functional movement, dynamic balance, lower extremity muscle strength, eccentric hamstring strength, and jumping performance. No intervention was administered.
Other: Physical Performance Assessment
Standardized physical performance assessment including the Functional Movement Screen (FMS), Y-Balance Test (YBT), countermovement jump (CMJ), vertical jump (VJ), one-repetition maximum (1RM) strength tests, and eccentric hamstring strength assessment using the NordBord system. No therapeutic or experimental intervention was administered.
Amateur Soccer Players
Male licensed amateur soccer players competing in amateur soccer leagues. Participants underwent the same assessment protocol as the professional group. No intervention was administered.
Other: Physical Performance Assessment
Standardized physical performance assessment including the Functional Movement Screen (FMS), Y-Balance Test (YBT), countermovement jump (CMJ), vertical jump (VJ), one-repetition maximum (1RM) strength tests, and eccentric hamstring strength assessment using the NordBord system. No therapeutic or experimental intervention was administered.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Functional Movement Screen (FMS) Total Score
Time Frame: Baseline (Day 1)
The total Functional Movement Screen (FMS) score was used to evaluate overall functional movement quality and identify movement limitations in professional and amateur soccer players.
Baseline (Day 1)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Y-Balance Test (YBT) Performance
Time Frame: Baseline (Day 1)
Dynamic balance performance assessed using normalized reach distances in the anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions.
Baseline (Day 1)
Countermovement Jump (CMJ) Height
Time Frame: Baseline (Day 1)
Lower-extremity explosive power measured as countermovement jump height using the Witty Microgate system.
Baseline (Day 1)
Vertical Jump (VJ) Height
Time Frame: Baseline (Day 1)
Vertical jump performance assessed using the Witty Microgate system.
Baseline (Day 1)
One-Repetition Maximum (1RM) Strength
Time Frame: Baseline (Day 1)
Maximum lower-extremity strength assessed using one-repetition maximum squat and deadlift tests.
Baseline (Day 1)
Eccentric Hamstring Strength
Time Frame: Baseline (Day 1)
Maximum eccentric hamstring force and inter-limb asymmetry assessed using the NordBord system.
Baseline (Day 1)
Individual Functional Movement Screen Components
Time Frame: Baseline (Day 1)
Scores for the seven Functional Movement Screen subtests, including deep squat, hurdle step, inline lunge, shoulder mobility, active straight-leg raise, trunk stability push-up, and rotary stability.
Baseline (Day 1)

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Istanbul Gelisim University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
May 9, 2026

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
June 30, 2026

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
July 5, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
July 9, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
July 9, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
July 14, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
July 14, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
July 9, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
July 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • IGU-FMS-2025-01

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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