The Effectiveness Of Home-Based Circuit Training On Eye Pressure And Eye Nerve Structures In Patients With Glaucoma

July 29, 2026 updated by: Tharani Elumalai, Universiti Sains Malaysia

The Effectiveness Of Home-Based Circuit Training On Intraocular Pressure, Retinal Nerve Fiber Layers And Choroidal Thickness In Patients With Glaucoma

The goal of this randomised control trial is to learn about the effect of home based circuit training on patients with primary glaucoma.

The main questions to answer are:

  1. Is there any difference of intraocular pressure (IOP) in patient with primary glaucoma after 6 weeks and 12 weeks who is performing home-based circuit training compared to patient not performing home-based circuit training?
  2. Is there any difference of retina nerve fibre layer in patient with primary glaucoma after 6 weeks and 12 weeks who is performing home-based circuit training compared to patient not performing home-based circuit training?
  3. Is there any difference of choroidal thickness layer in patient with primary glaucoma after 6 weeks and 12 weeks who is performing home-based circuit training compared to patient not performing home-based circuit training?

Researchers will compare patients with primary glaucoma who are performing home-based circuit training and not performing home-based circuit training to see if any affect to intraocular pressure, retina nerve fibre layer and choroidal thickness.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Not yet recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. According to a study, it is known that East Asia has the highest number of people with glaucoma (25.20 million), followed by South- Central Asia (17.06 million) and South East Asia (6.92 million). The global prevalence of glaucoma especially in people aged 40 to 80 years is estimated to be 3.5%. The most important risk factor for glaucoma is aging. With the growing number and proportion of older population, it is projected that 111.8 million people will have glaucoma in 2040. The degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons result in an irreversible loss of vision that has a strong correlation with increasing age. The relationship between exercise and glaucoma is complex as various components of physical activity such as fluctuations in blood pressure, body posture, and Valsalva manoeuvres can influence intraocular pressure (IOP) and ocular perfusion pressure, both of which may play roles in glaucoma pathophysiology.

The investigator would like to evaluate the effect of 12 weeks home-based circuit training on intraocular pressure (IOP), retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (RNFL) and choroidal thickness in patients with primary glaucoma. This is a randomised controlled study involving primary glaucoma patients who are attending ophthalmology clinic at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. Evaluation of study sample includes baseline ocular examination, IOP and Optical Coherence Tomography Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer (OCT RNFL) and sub foveal choroidal thickness. Subjects who fulfil the inclusion and exclusion criteria for the study will be selected.

Patients in Group A will perform home-based circuit training for 12 weeks while other Group B (control group) will not perform home-based circuit training. IOP, OCT RNFL and choroidal thickness measurement will be taken at baseline, 6 weeks and 12 weeks post recruitment of subjects. All patients will be given exercise diary to note down their exercise adherence.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
60

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Locations

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Age ≥ 18 - 70 years old
  • Known case of POAG, PACG, JOAG, NTG
  • Phakic without visually significant cataract
  • Pseudophakic for more than 3 months prior to recruitment
  • Achieved target IOP
  • Physically not performing routine exercises

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Bilateral eye visual acuity of less than 6/60
  • Bilateral eye visual field defect of less than 10 degrees from fixation
  • Patient with media opacities that affect the reliability of OCT measurements such as cornea opacity, dense cataract with Lens opacification classification system (LOCS III) of more than grade 2, vitreous haemorrhage
  • Patient who underwent intraocular surgery (other than uncomplicated cataract surgery), including anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injection within past 6 months
  • Ocular disease such as cornea ulcer, uveitis, age-related macula degeneration
  • Physical disabilities such as stroke, limbs amputation
  • Uncontrolled systemic diseases eg diabetes, hypertension
  • Morbid Obesity (BMI > 40)
  • Dementia or any psychiatric diseases
  • Smoking

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Double

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Home-Based Circuit Training
Patients in Group A will be performing home-based circuit training three times per week for 12 weeks.
Behavioral: Home-Based Circuit Training
Participants assigned to the intervention group will perform a home-based circuit training program in addition to receiving standard glaucoma care. The exercise program consists of seven home-based exercises, including two aerobic exercises and five resistance-based exercises performed in a circuit format. Each session will last 30 minutes for week 1-6 and 60 minutes for week 7-12. It is performed three times per week on alternate days for 12 weeks, and is conducted at moderate intensity. Participants will continue their prescribed glaucoma medications throughout the study.
No Intervention: Control Group
Patients in Group B will not will be performing

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Time Frame
Intraocular pressure
Time Frame: Baseline, at 6 weeks and at 12 weeks
Baseline, at 6 weeks and at 12 weeks
Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer
Time Frame: Baseline, at 6 weeks and at 12 weeks
Baseline, at 6 weeks and at 12 weeks
Choroidal Thickness
Time Frame: Baseline, at 6 weeks and at 12 weeks
Baseline, at 6 weeks and at 12 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Universiti Sains Malaysia

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Estimated)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
August 1, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
August 1, 2027

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
December 1, 2027

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
July 24, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
July 24, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
July 29, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
July 30, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
July 29, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
July 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • HBCT-GLAU-2026-01

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

IPD Plan Description

Individual participant data (IPD) will not be shared because participant confidentiality and privacy will be protected in accordance with institutional ethics requirements and informed consent. Only aggregate study results will be published.

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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