Effects of Kettlebell Swing Training Combined With Breathing Exercises on Respiratory Muscle Strength and Pulmonary Function in Overweight and Obese Young Adults (Kettlebell)

August 30, 2026 updated by: Pacharee Manoy, University of Phayao

Overweight and obesity are associated with impaired breathing mechanics, including reduced chest wall and diaphragmatic movement, decreased respiratory muscle strength and endurance, and inefficient breathing patterns. These changes may adversely affect pulmonary function, autonomic regulation, and physical capacity.

This study aims to compare the effects of kettlebell swing exercise combined with breathing training versus breathing training alone in individuals with overweight or obesity. Outcomes will include respiratory muscle strength, pulmonary function, heart rate variability, and body composition. The findings may help determine whether adding kettlebell swing exercise to breathing training provides additional benefits for respiratory and cardiometabolic health in this population.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

A total of 40 young adults aged 18-25 years with overweight or obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥23.0 kg/m²) will be recruited and randomly assigned to one of two groups.

The experimental group will perform kettlebell swing exercise combined with breathing training for 40 minutes per session. The control group will receive breathing training alone for 20 minutes per session. Both groups will participate in their assigned intervention three times per week for 6 weeks.

Outcome measures will include respiratory muscle strength, pulmonary function, heart rate variability (HRV), and body composition.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
40

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Contact Backup

Study Locations

  • Thailand
    • Changwat Phayao
      • Phayao, Changwat Phayao, Thailand, 56000
        • Recruiting
        • School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Phayao
        • Contact:

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Male or female adults aged 18-25 years with a body mass index (BMI) of ≥23.0 kg/m².
  • Individuals who are physically inactive or sedentary, defined as exercising fewer than 3 days per week or engaging in less than 150 minutes of exercise per week.
  • Willingness to provide written informed consent to participate in the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Presence of bodily pain, particularly in the upper or lower extremities, with a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score of >3/10.
  • Musculoskeletal disorders, such as scoliosis.
  • History of neurological disorders, including spinal cord injury, epilepsy, or stroke.
  • History of respiratory or cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, heart disease, emphysema, asthma, previous lung lobectomy, or lung cancer.
  • History of chronic non-communicable diseases or other systemic disorders, including diabetes mellitus, kidney disease, liver disease, endocrine disorders, or immune system disorders.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Prevention
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Double

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Experimental group
Kettlebell swing training combined with breathing exercises
Other: Kettlebell swing training
Kettlebell swing training combined with breathing exercises, performed three times per week for 40 minutes per session over 6 weeks.
Sham Comparator: Control group
Breathing exercises
Other: Control
Breathing exercises performed three times per week for 20 minutes per session over 6 weeks.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Repiratory muscle strength
Time Frame: Before and after the 6 week intervention
Respiratory muscle strength will be measured using a handheld manometer (MicroRPM). Participants will be instructed to perform a maximal inspiratory effort from residual volume to assess maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax) and a maximal expiratory effort from total lung capacity to assess maximal expiratory pressure (PEmax).
Before and after the 6 week intervention
Heart rate variability (HRV)
Time Frame: Before and after the 6 week intervention
Time and frequency-domain heart rate variability (HRV) parameters will be measured using the SA-3000P analyzer.
Before and after the 6 week intervention
Pulmonary function test
Time Frame: Before and after the 6 week intervention
Vital capacity (VC), expiratory reserve volume (ERV), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV₁), and the FEV₁/FVC ratio will be measured using a portable spirometer.
Before and after the 6 week intervention

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Body composition
Time Frame: Before and after the 6 week intervention
Muscle mass and fat mass will be assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA).
Before and after the 6 week intervention

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
University of Phayao

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

Helpful Links

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Estimated)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
September 1, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
June 15, 2027

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
June 20, 2027

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
August 30, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
August 30, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
September 3, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
September 3, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
August 30, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
August 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • HREC-UP-HSST 1.2/111/69

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

UNDECIDED

IPD Plan Description

There is currently no finalized plan for sharing de-identified IPD.

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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