The Effect of a Hybrid Approach in Breast Cancer Education on Women's Awareness, Fatalism, and Self-Compassion Levels: A Randomized Controlled Trial

September 15, 2026 updated by: Emine Aksut Akcay, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University
This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effect of a hybrid breast cancer education program on women's breast cancer awareness, cancer fatalism, and self-compassion levels. The study will include 128 women aged 20-65 who apply to an obstetrics and gynecology outpatient clinic. Participants will be randomly assigned to either an experimental group or a control group. The experimental group will receive a hybrid education model. This model consists of a face-to-face training session using a breast model, followed by four weeks of educational materials, informative messages, and reminders delivered via a mobile application. The control group will receive routine healthcare services without this specific educational intervention. Researchers will measure the participants' levels of self-compassion, breast cancer fatalism, and breast cancer awareness using standardized questionnaires. These measurements will be taken at the beginning of the study (pre-test) and four weeks later (post-test) to determine if the technology-supported hybrid education model is effective in improving early diagnosis awareness and psychosocial outcomes

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Not yet recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

Breast cancer remains the most common cancer among women globally, making early detection and screening programs a primary target for public health policies. However, insufficient awareness and high levels of cancer fatalism can negatively impact women's participation in early diagnosis behaviors such as breast self-examination and mammography. Additionally, self-compassion is an emerging concept in women's health associated with better psychological resilience, stress management, and adherence to health behaviors. While digital technologies have transformed health education through hybrid models, there is a limited number of randomized controlled trials examining the combined effects of hybrid education approaches on awareness, fatalism, and self-compassion in community-based female populations. This study is designed to address this gap in the literature. The sample size was determined using a priori power analysis via G*Power software (MANOVA: Repeated measures, within-between interaction), calculating a minimum of 128 participants based on an effect size of f(V)=0.25, α=0.05, and test power of 0.80. Statistical analysis will be conducted using SPSS software. Following normality checks via Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests and the evaluation of skewness and kurtosis coefficients, group comparisons will be performed using appropriate parametric (e.g., Independent Samples t-test) or non-parametric (e.g., Mann-Whitney U, Wilcoxon signed-rank test) statistical methods. A p-value of <0.05 will be considered statistically significant.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
128

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Contact Backup

Study Locations

  • Turkey (Türkiye)
    • Merkez
      • Kahramanmaraş, Merkez, Turkey (Türkiye), 46040
        • Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Delivery Room

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Being between 20 and 65 years of age
  • Being female
  • Agreeing to participate in the study and signing the informed consent form
  • Having no prior diagnosis of breast cancer
  • Having the ability to use a mobile application

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Having a prior diagnosis of breast cancer or active breast pathology
  • Having any cognitive, mental, or communication barrier that prevents participation in training
  • Refusing to participate or withdraw consent during the study

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Prevention
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Hybrid Breast Cancer Education Group
The experimental group will receive a hybrid breast cancer education model consisting of a face-to-face training session using a breast model, followed by educational materials, informative messages, and reminders delivered via a mobile application over a four-week period.
Behavioral: Hybrid Breast Cancer Education
The experimental group will receive a hybrid breast cancer education model consisting of a face-to-face training session using a breast model, followed by educational materials, informative messages, and reminders delivered via a mobile application over a four-week period
No Intervention: Control Group
Participants in the control group will not receive the hybrid breast cancer education intervention during the study period.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Breast Cancer Awareness Score
Time Frame: Baseline and 4 weeks post-intervention
Change in participants' breast cancer awareness scores from baseline to 4 weeks post-intervention.
Baseline and 4 weeks post-intervention

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Estimated)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
September 15, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
December 31, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
December 31, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
September 3, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
September 15, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
September 18, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
September 18, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
September 15, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
September 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • KSU-TAREK-244

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

IPD Plan Description

Individual participant data will not be shared to protect participant confidentiality and privacy in accordance with the ethical approval terms.

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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