Web-Based Gamified Simulation for Teaching Ventrogluteal Injection to First-Year Nursing Students

October 6, 2026 updated by: Gözde ÖZARAS ÖZ, Çankırı Karatekin University

The Effect of Web-Based Gamified Simulation for Ventrogluteal Injection Training on Knowledge, Skills, Satisfaction, and Self-Confidence Among First-Year Nursing Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial

The goal of this study is to find out whether a web-based simulation with game features helps first-year nursing students learn how to give an injection into the muscle on the side of the hip, known as the ventrogluteal site. The study will compare this approach with traditional teaching at Cankiri Karatekin University in Türkiye.

The main questions are whether the web-based simulation improves students' knowledge and practical skills, increases their satisfaction and confidence in learning, and helps them remember what they have learned after eight weeks.

All participants will receive the same initial classroom teaching and laboratory demonstration. They will then be assigned by chance to one of two groups. One group will receive traditional teaching. The other group will use the web-based simulation, which includes a patient scenario and interactive tasks, such as selecting equipment and moving items to a tray.

The simulation has two modes. In the learning mode, students receive hints and explanations without being scored. In the self-test mode, they complete tasks without hints and receive a score report for feedback. Students must answer correctly before moving to the next step.

Participants will complete a knowledge test, a practical skills assessment using an injection training model, and a questionnaire about satisfaction and confidence before the group-specific training and again one week afterward. They will repeat the knowledge test eight weeks after training to assess how much they remember. Practical skills will be assessed by two observers who do not know which teaching group each student belongs to.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Not yet recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

This study will examine a structured approach to teaching ventrogluteal injection by combining a clinical scenario with interactive tasks, feedback, and rule-based progression in a web-based learning environment.

Before group allocation, all participants will receive four hours of theoretical instruction and four hours of standard laboratory demonstration using injection training models. Laboratory sessions will be conducted in groups of approximately 20-22 students. Baseline assessments will take place two days after this common training to establish students' starting levels before the group-specific educational activities.

Participants will be stratified by baseline knowledge test scores into two categories: scores of 10 or below and scores above 10 on the 20-point test. An independent researcher who is not involved in intervention delivery will generate the allocation sequence using blocks of four, with equal allocation to the intervention and control groups within

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
110

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Child
  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Being a first-year nursing student enrolled in the Fundamentals of Nursing I course at Cankiri Karatekin University during the fall semester of the 2026-2027 academic year.
  • Taking the course for the first time.
  • Voluntarily agreeing to participate and providing written informed consent.
  • Agreeing to attend all planned theoretical, laboratory, and study sessions.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Having difficulty understanding Turkish to an extent that prevents participation in the educational activities or completion of the assessment tools.
  • Being a graduate of a health vocational high school.
  • Having previously received formal training in intramuscular injection techniques.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Other
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Web-Based Gamified Simulation

After receiving the common theoretical and laboratory training, students in this arm will use a web-based gamified simulation for ventrogluteal injection training. Students will receive standardized instructions on accessing and using the application. They will first complete the learning mode, which provides step-by-step hints and rationales without scoring, followed by the self-test mode without hints. Interactive tasks include selecting equipment, moving materials onto a tray, and making decisions about procedural steps. A correct response is required before proceeding to the next step. A final performance report will provide individual learning feedback.
Behavioral: Web-Based Gamified Simulation

A web-based gamified simulation designed to teach ventrogluteal injection through 33 procedural steps. Following standardized instructions on application use, students will complete the learning mode with hints and rationales and then the self-test mode without hints. Tasks include selecting equipment, moving materials onto a tray, and making procedural decisions. Students must provide a correct response before advancing. The self-test mode generates a performance report for individual learning feedback. Application scores will not be used as research outcome measures.
Active Comparator: Traditional Ventrogluteal Injection Training

After receiving the common theoretical and laboratory training, students in this arm will continue ventrogluteal injection training using traditional teaching methods. They will not use the web-based gamified simulation during the study.
Behavioral: Traditional Ventrogluteal Injection Training

Traditional instruction in ventrogluteal injection, including theoretical teaching and instructor-led laboratory demonstration using injection training models. Students assigned to the control arm will continue training using traditional teaching methods following the common initial theoretical and laboratory training.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Ventrogluteal Injection Knowledge Score
Time Frame: Baseline (before randomization) and 1 week after the intervention.

Knowledge will be assessed using the researcher-developed Ventrogluteal Injection Knowledge Test, which consists of 20 multiple-choice questions. Each correct answer receives 1 point, and each incorrect answer receives 0 points. Total scores range from 0 to 20, with higher scores indicating greater knowledge of ventrogluteal injection. Scores will be compared between the intervention and control groups, accounting for baseline scores.
Baseline (before randomization) and 1 week after the intervention.
Ventrogluteal Injection Skill Performance Score
Time Frame: Baseline (before randomization) and 1 week after the intervention.

Skill performance will be assessed through an Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) using a 24-item Ventrogluteal Injection Skill Checklist. Each item is scored as 0 (incorrectly performed or not performed), 1 (partially correctly performed), or 2 (correctly performed). Total scores range from 0 to 48, with higher scores indicating better skill performance. Two independent observers blinded to group allocation will assess performance simultaneously and score independently. Scores will be compared between groups, accounting for baseline scores.
Baseline (before randomization) and 1 week after the intervention.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Student Satisfaction With Learning Score
Time Frame: Baseline (after common initial training and before randomization) and 1 week after the intervention.

Satisfaction with learning will be assessed using the five-item Student Satisfaction subscale of the Turkish version of the Student Satisfaction and Self-Confidence in Learning Scale. Each item is rated from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Total subscale scores range from 5 to 25, with higher scores indicating greater satisfaction with the learning experience. Baseline assessment will refer to the common initial training, while post-intervention assessment will refer to the training received in the assigned group.
Baseline (after common initial training and before randomization) and 1 week after the intervention.
Retention of Ventrogluteal Injection Knowledge
Time Frame: 8 weeks after the intervention.

Knowledge retention will be assessed by readministering the 20-item Ventrogluteal Injection Knowledge Test eight weeks after the intervention. Each correct answer receives 1 point, and each incorrect answer receives 0 points. Total scores range from 0 to 20, with higher scores indicating greater retained knowledge. Eight-week scores will be compared between groups and examined alongside baseline and one-week post-intervention scores.
8 weeks after the intervention.

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Çankırı Karatekin University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Estimated)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
November 13, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
November 20, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
December 20, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
October 1, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
October 1, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
October 6, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
October 8, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
October 6, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
October 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • CKU-VG-SIM-2026-01

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

IPD Plan Description

There is no plan to share individual participant data with other researchers. Study findings will be disseminated through publications and presentations using aggregate data.

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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