Use of an AI-powered Mobile Health App in Assessing and Training Oral Motor Functions (ORAR SG)

November 6, 2026 updated by: The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

This project aims to evaluate the usability of the ORAR app developed by HKPU and normed on the Hong Kong Chinese population, with the Singapore Malay and Chinese population.

It aims to:

  1. Establish normative data of the oromotor performance of neurologically healthy bilinguals of Malay ethnicity and/or Chinese ethnicity across a range of speech and non-speech tasks.
  2. Determine the factors (e.g., gender, age, education, type of stimuli, ethnicity) that influence oro-motor performance of Malay and Chinese adults respectively in Singapore.
  3. Collect feedback to evaluate the usability, acceptability and feasibility of the ORAR app from different users, namely the SLTs, persons with dysarthria and their caregivers.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Observational

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
405

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Locations

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

21 years to 79 years (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Sampling Method

Probability Sample

Study Population

The study aims to recruit 150 Singaporean Malay bilinguals and 150 Singaporean Chinese bilinguals. These participants will comprise a range of ages (21-79 years old), with 25 participants from each decade age group.

Description

Inclusion Criteria for healthy adults:

  • (1) Adults aged 21-79 years who are Singapore citizens
  • (2) Absence of severe systemic conditions, including uncontrolled diabetes, cerebrovascular disease, head and neck tumours, or neurological disorders
  • (3) Not currently undergoing radiation therapy or chemotherapy
  • (4) Normal or corrected-to-normal vision and hearing
  • (5) Fluent in Malay/ English respectively
  • (6) No history of speech difficulties/disorders

Inclusion criteria for participants with dysarthria:

  • (1) Adults aged 21-79 years who are Singapore citizens
  • (2) Absence of severe systemic conditions, including uncontrolled diabetes, cerebrovascular disease, head and neck tumours, or neurological disorders
  • (3) Not currently undergoing radiation therapy or chemotherapy
  • (4) Normal or corrected-to-normal vision and hearing
  • (5) Fluent in Malay/ English respectively

Additional inclusion criteria for SLTs:

  • (1) AHPC licensed
  • (2) have been practising in Singapore for at least one year

Exclusion Criteria:

  • (1) individuals who are dependent on non-oral feeding
  • (2) individuals unable to provide informed consent due to cognitive impairment

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Observational Models: OTHER
  • Time Perspectives: PROSPECTIVE

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort

Group / Cohort

A group or subgroup of participants in an observational study that is assessed for biomedical or health outcomes.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
healthy adults

For the normative study: 150 individuals of Malay descent (e.g., Boyanese, Javanese, Banjarese, Bugis, and Indonesian extract) and 150 bilingual Chinese individuals. Another 35 speech-language therapists and carers of dysarthric pateints will be recruited.

Inclusion criteria for healthy adults in the normative study, as well as SLTs and caregivers of individuals with dysarthria in the implementation study are as follows: (1) Adults aged 21-79 years who are Singapore citizens, (2)absence of severe systemic conditions, including uncontrolled diabetes, cerebrovascular disease, head and neck tumours, or neurological disorders, (3) not currently undergoing radiation therapy or chemotherapy, (4) normal or corrected-to-normal vision and hearing, (5) fluent in Malay/ English respectively, (6) no history of speech difficulties/disorders. Additional inclusion criteria for SLTs are: (1) AHPC licensed and (2) have been practising in Singapore for at least one year.
Dysarthria group

35 individuals with neurogenic dysarthria will be recruited. For the implementation study, inclusion criteria for participants with dysarthria include (1) to (5) above, with the exception of a history of stroke, and being diagnosed with an acquired speech sound disorder by an SLT. Exclusion criteria include (1) individuals who are dependent on non-oral feeding, (2) individuals unable to provide informed consent due to cognitive impairment. Written or digital consent will be obtained from all participants prior to participation.
Behavioral: Feasibility and user acceptance of mobile app for oral motor training

Feasibility Study:

Participants wi l first complete a demographic form that collects information such as age, occupation, gender, housing type, and dental history.

This study will be conducted in a controlled environment, such as a quiet room at SIT, clinics, and participants' homes, under the guidance of SLT students. Participants wi l complete three 4-item measures of implementation outcomes - Acceptability of Intervention Measure (AIM), Intervention Appropriateness Measure (IAM), and Feasibility of Intervention Measure (FIM; Weiner et al., 2017). Subsequently, they will be given 30 minutes to explore and experiment with the app's different features. Following this, participants will complete the AIM, IAM, and FIM again, as well as participate in a semi-structured interview with the SLT student on their experience using the app and feedback about the app. The app wil be available in Mandarin (Simplified) and English.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Range of movement of the articulators
Time Frame: 2-hr assessment

The range of movement of lips, tongue, and jaw of the participants will be analyzed by the computer vision model of ORAR to give range-of-motion scores.
2-hr assessment
Maximum phonation time
Time Frame: 2-hr assessment

Each participant will be asked to take a deep breathe and say 'ah' as long as they can. This will repeat for 3 times.
2-hr assessment
Diadochokinetic (DDK) rate
Time Frame: 2-hr assessment

The number of repeated syllables, trisyllabic non-word, trisyllabic Malay real word (only for Malay participants), trisyllabic English real word produced in 8 seconds will be measured.
2-hr assessment
Reading aloud a word list
Time Frame: 2-hr assessment

Participants will be asked to read aloud a word list covering phonetic inventory of the language and multisyllabic words (English: 38 words from Robertson Dysarthria Profile; Malay: 30 words selected from Malay Lexicon Project).
2-hr assessment
Personal narrative production
Time Frame: 2-hr assessment

Participants will be asked to recall a personal event.
2-hr assessment
Verbal fluency tasks
Time Frame: 2-hr assessment

Participants will be asked to produce as many items in a given category (e.g., fruits, vehicles) within a minute.
2-hr assessment
Acceptability, appropriateness and feasibility of ORAR
Time Frame: 2-hr assessment

A semi-structured interview will be conducted. Questions regarding the acceptability, apropriateness and feasibility of ORAR app will be asked.
2-hr assessment

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) questionnaire as a self-reported outcome instrument on swallowing functions
Time Frame: 2-hr assessment

The questionnaire consists of 10 questions, and participants will be asked to evaluate their swallowing functions based on a 5-point Likert scale (0=not at all; 4=very much). Lower scores reflect better swallowing performance. Maximum and minimal scores are 40 and 0, respectively.
2-hr assessment
The Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) questionnaire to assess oral health-related quality of life
Time Frame: 2-hr assessment

Participants will be asked to give ratings on the questionnaire based on a 5-point Likert scale. Lower scores represent better oral condition-related quality of life. The maximum and minimum scores are 56 and 0, respectively.
2-hr assessment

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

Collaborators

Collaborators

An organization other than the sponsor that provides support for a clinical study. This support may include activities related to funding, design, implementation, data analysis, or reporting.
Singapore Institute of Technology

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Helpful Links

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
February 1, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
August 31, 2028

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
August 31, 2028

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
November 6, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
November 6, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
November 12, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
November 12, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
November 6, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
September 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • 200917667D

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

YES

IPD Plan Description

The IPD, together with the study protocol, will be shared in an open-access data repository (e.g., OSF).

IPD Sharing Time Frame

Data will be shared starting from three months after manuscript publication.

IPD Sharing Access Criteria

The IPD and study protocol will be shared in an open-access data repository without restrictions.

IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type

  • STUDY_PROTOCOL
  • ICF

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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