Prolonged Multimodal Analgesia for Postsurgical Pain

November 8, 2026 updated by: Ruquan Han, Beijing Tiantan Hospital

The Effect of Prolonged Multimodal Analgesia Strategy on Postoperative Pain in Patients Undergoing Spine Surgery

Chronic pain is one of the common postoperative complications in major surgery patients, which seriously affects the prognosis of patients. The postoperative pain level in spinal cord surgery patients is severe, and the incidence of CPSP can be as high as 40%.

Prolonged multimodal analgesia strategies using non-opioid or low-opioid receptor agonists can safely extend the postoperative pain window to one month, thereby further avoiding the occurrence of chronic postoperative pain.

This study provides guidance for perioperative pain management strategies in spinal surgery patients and further improves their long-term prognosis and outcomes.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Not yet recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
132

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Age ≥ 18 years;
  2. Scheduled for elective spinal surgery;
  3. American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I-III;
  4. Presence of preoperative pain symptoms;
  5. Provision of written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. History of allergy to gabapentinoids, ketamine, or related medications;
  2. Inability to cooperate with scale assessments due to conditions such as aphasia;
  3. Presence of psychiatric disorders;
  4. Presence of significant organ dysfunction (heart, lung, liver, or kidney) meeting any of the following criteria;
  5. Presence of severe sinus bradycardia or other comorbidities rendering the patient unsuitable for completing the study intervention;
  6. History of illicit drug or medication abuse;
  7. Body mass index (BMI) ≥ 35 kg/m²;
  8. Pregnant or lactating patients.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Prolonged Multimodal Analgesia Group

Pre-operative (1 hour): pregabalin 150mg; Intraoperative: Esketamine 0.09 mg/kg/h pumping; Post-operative: Esketamine combined with dexmedetomidine PCA: the esketamine dosage is 0.06 mg/kg/h, dexmedetomidine dosage is 1.5 μg/kg, and the PCA pump is used for 48 hours; Pregabalin 75 mg bid in 1-7 days and Pregabalin 75 mg qd in 8-21days. The anesthesiologist may adjust the drug dosage as appropriate based on the patient's condition, and all medications administered must be documented in detail.

drugs:Esketamine, dexmedetomidine, pregabalin device:Patient Controlled Analgesia(PCA)
Drug: Esketamine, dexmedetomidine, pregabalin

Pre-operative (1 hour): pregabalin 150mg; Intraoperative: Esketamine 0.09 mg/kg/h pumping; Post-operative: Esketamine combined with dexmedetomidine PCA: the esketamine dosage is 0.06 mg/kg/h, dexmedetomidine dosage is 1.5 μg/kg, and the PCA pump is used for 48 hours; Pregabalin 75 mg bid in 1-7 days and Pregabalin 75 mg qd in 8-21days. The anesthesiologist may adjust the drug dosage as appropriate based on the patient's condition, and all medications administered must be documented in detail.

drugs:Esketamine, dexmedetomidine, pregabalin device:Patient Controlled Analgesia(PCA)
Active Comparator: Conventional Analgesia Group

The participant will be administrated by Sulfentanil PCA (1.5μg/kg) in postoperative 48h. The anesthesiologist may adjust the drug dosage as appropriate based on the patient's condition, and all medications administered must be documented in detail.
Drug: Sufentanil

Using sufentanil PCA pump for 48 h. The sufentanil dosage is 1.5μg/kg. The anesthesiologist may adjust the drug dosage as appropriate based on the patient's condition, and all medications administered must be documented in detail.

drugs:sufentanil device: Patient Controlled Analgesia(PCA)

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Time Frame
Incidence of moderate-to-severe chronic pain at 3 months postoperatively
Time Frame: postoperative 3 months
postoperative 3 months

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Beijing Tiantan Hospital

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Estimated)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
November 10, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
December 30, 2027

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
April 1, 2028

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
December 20, 2025

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
November 8, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
November 13, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
November 13, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
November 8, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
November 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • Longanalgia251130

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

YES

IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type

  • STUDY_PROTOCOL
  • SAP
  • ICF
  • ANALYTIC_CODE

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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