Weight Loss and Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Prevention Via a Whole Grain Diet in Men and Women With Metabolic Syndrome

August 16, 2023 updated by: Penn State University
The purpose of this study is to determine if intake of whole grain foods as part of a hypocaloric diet enhances weight loss and improves cardiovascular disease risk factors in men and women with metabolic syndrome.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

Fifty men and women with metabolic syndrome age 20 to 65 will be recruited to participate. Men and women are eligible if they have a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 and at least three out of five ATP III criteria for metabolic syndrome. These criteria are defined as: [1] Triacylglycerol ≥150 mg/dL, [2] HDL <40 mg/dL in men or <50 mg/dL in women, [3] Fasting glucose ≥100 mg/dL, [4] Systolic blood pressure ≥ 130 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥85 mg/dL, and [5] waist circumference ≥102 cm in men or ≥88 cm in women.

Participants will receive dietary advice to either avoid whole grain foods or to have all of their grain servings each day from whole grain foods for 12 weeks. Participants will be stratified by gender and BMI and randomized using a random number table. A registered dietitian will meet individually with each participant at baseline to discuss the dietary intervention and provide educational materials. Participants in the whole grain group are given a target number of daily whole grain servings, either 4, 5, 6 or 7 servings/d, based on the number of grain servings recommended in the 2005 Dietary Guidelines For Americans for their energy needls to facilitate understanding and adherence. Participants in the whole grain group are given a list and description of whole grain foods to help them identify foods to include in their diet and were encouraged to select foods that had a whole grain food listed as the first ingredient. To ease the transition, participants in the whole grain group will consume three servings of whole grain foods per day for the first two weeks of the study and then increase to their target number of daily whole grain servings for the remaining ten weeks. Participants in the refined grain group are also given a list of whole grain foods and asked not to consume any of these foods during the study period.

In addition to the instruction on whole grain servings, participants in both groups are aasked to eat five servings of fruit and vegetables, three servings of low-fat dairy products, and two servings of lean meat, fish or poultry/d, as recommended in the 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. The target macronutrient composition for all participants is 55% carbohydrate, 30% fat, with emphasis on unsaturated fats, and 15% protein. All participants are encouraged to engage in moderate physical activity at least three times a week for 30 minutes per session and were instructed to avoid dietary supplements throughout the study period. Participants in both groups are told that their aim was to lose at least 1 pound per week for the duration of the study.

Every other week, participants visit the study site and review their diet records with a dietitian on a one-on-one basis. During this time, the dietitian presents an educational lesson that explained the rationale for the dietary guidelines used in the study, and offered nutritional guidance, encouragement, and suggestions for improvement. The participant's weight, blood pressure, and waist circumference are also recorded. On the weeks that participants do not come in for a study visit, they are contacted by phone or e-mail by a dietitian to discuss their progress and address any concerns or questions. A fasting blood draw, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), dual energy x-ray absorptiometery (DXA) scan, and biometric measurements are done at the beginning and end of the 12-week diet period at The Pennsylvania State University General Clinical Research Center (GCRC).

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment

50

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

20 years to 65 years (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30
  • at least three out of five ATP III criteria for metabolic syndrome. These criteria are defined as: [1] Triacylglycerol ≥150 mg/dL, [2] HDL <40 mg/dL in men or <50 mg/dL in women, [3] Fasting glucose ≥100 mg/dL, [4] Systolic blood pressure ≥ 130 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥85 mg/dL, and [5] waist circumference ≥102 cm in men or ≥88 cm in women.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • diagnosis of type I or II diabetes
  • diagnosis of CVD
  • diagnosis of cancer
  • diagnosis of any other serious medical condition
  • use of any medications that affect glucose, insulin, cholesterol, or reproductive hormones
  • smoker
  • drink more than 2 alcoholic beverages/d
  • consume a diet high in whole grains (>3 servings/d)
  • pregnant or lactating

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Weight Loss

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Body fat percentage
Blood Pressure
Waist Circumference
Lipids and Lipoproteins
Glucose Tolerance (OGTT)
Testosterone Concentration
Markers of Inflammation and Fibrinolysis

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Penn State University

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Penny M Kris-Etherton, Ph.D., Penn State University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start

August 1, 2005

Primary Completion (Actual)

September 1, 2007

Study Completion (Actual)

September 1, 2007

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

March 30, 2007

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

March 30, 2007

First Posted (Estimated)

April 3, 2007

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

August 21, 2023

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

August 16, 2023

Last Verified

August 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • IRB20474

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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