Thinking, Walking Outcomes by Type of Exercise (2-STEP)

Benefits of Two Types of Therapeutic Exercise on Gait and Cognition

The purpose of this research study is to compare two different exercise treatments for walking problems in older adults. The investigators want to determine if participation in the exercise programs will improve walking and thinking abilities.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Gait Disorder, Sensorimotor; Cognitive Disorder
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: motor skill gait exercise; Behavioral: aerobic gait intervention

Detailed Description

Specific Aims We will examine the impact of moderate intensity aerobic and of motor skill exercise interventions on improving gait and cognition in older adults with slow gait and psychomotor slowing. In a thrice weekly, 12 week, randomized clinical trial, we propose the following aims: 1) to define the impact of moderate intensity aerobic and motor skill gait exercise on thinking while walking, and 2) to define the impact of moderate intensity aerobic and motor skill gait exercise on gait and cognition. Brief Background The optimal exercise to improve gait and brain health in older adults is not known. Two types of exercise with potential for affects on gait and brain health, aerobic and motor skill exercise, developed out of distinct disciplines and have been studied separately, but not in older adults with the same age-related, centrally-generated slow gait dysfunction or for their effects on an integrated measure of gait and cognition, 'walking while thinking'. Summary of Methods We propose two parallel, single arm clinical trials to define the impact of aerobic and motor-skill exercise on gait and cognitive functions, in community-dwelling older adults with slow gait and psychomotor slowing, randomly assigned to moderate intensity aerobic gait (n=12) or motor skill gait (n=12) exercise, three times a week, for 12 weeks, in small groups of 2-3 supervised by a physical therapist. Primary outcomes are integrated measures of thinking while walking, with secondary outcomes of specific measures of gait and cognitive function collected pre, 4, 8 and 12 weeks post interventions, to examine impact of exercise and dose-response effects on gait and cognition. Future Use of Data The intent of the proposed pilot is to generate complementary data essential to support an R01 clinical trial grant submission. Specifically in this pilot we will: 1) recruit older adults with both slow gait speed and evidence of psychomotor slowing, 2) explore and define a primary outcome measure that integrates both gait and cognition, and thus better represents the goal of the exercise interventions - thinking while walking, 3) determine potential mean and variability estimates for gait and cognitive outcomes, particularly the less well-characterized gait outcomes of aerobic exercise (energy expenditure for walking, gait variability, gait abnormalities), and cognitive outcomes of motor skill exercise (speed of processing, executive function).

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 22
• Phase: Phase 2

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Pennsylvania
    • Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States, 15260
      • University of Pittsburgh, Department of Physical Therapy

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 65 years and older (Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• slow gait speed (<= 1.0m/s and >= .6m/s)
• slow cognitive processing (digit symbol substitution < age-adjusted norm
• medical clearance from primary physician for participation in exercise

Exclusion Criteria:

• dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment MCI
• pain while walking that limits walking
• active medical conditions, not controlled or managed

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: motor skill gait exercise arm; motor skill gait exercise intervention: stepping and walking patterns, and speed interval treadmill-assisted walking to enhance timing and coordination in walking	Behavioral: motor skill gait exercise; The motor skill gait exercise is a task-oriented motor sequence learning approach to exercise to improve walking. The approach involves goal-directed stepping and walking patterns to facilitate use of the appropriate muscles at the appropriate timing relative to body position during gait through the task performance. Treadmill-assisted walking in brief intervals of small increased speed walking interspersed with usual walking speed are performed to induce the automatic rhythm and timing of gait. The exercise sessions are about 60 minutes, 2-3 times a week for 12 weeks or a total of 30-36 sessions.; Other Names: task-oriented motor sequence gait exercise; motor learning gait exercise; timing and coordination therapeutic gait activity
Active Comparator: aerobic gait exercise arm; aerobic gait exercise intervention: treadmill-assisted and overground walking exercise to enhance walking practice and improve endurance in walking	Behavioral: aerobic gait intervention; The aerobic gait intervention approach involves treadmill and overground walking with the gradual increases in the distance walked and speed of walking. The exercise approach provides walking practice, including on the treadmill to facilitate the timing of stepping during gait, while also facilitating a fitness or conditioning response, and endurance for walking activities. The exercise sessions are about 60 minutes, 2-3 times weekly for 12 weeks, or about 30-36 sessions.; Other Names: walking endurance exercise; aerobic walking training; impairment-oriented gait exercise

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
integrated measure of thinking while walking	The outcome measure is a cognitive task such as working memory, visual-spatial orientation, and set shifting measures of cognitive function performed while walking over an oval track.	12 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
gait	energy cost of walking, gait smoothness, gait speed and spatial and temporal gait characteristics under usual and challenging gait conditions, gait abnormalities, and walking endurance	12 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Pittsburgh
• Collaborators: National Institute on Aging (NIA)
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Jessie M VanSwearingen, PhD, PT, University of Pittsburgh, Department of Physical Therapy

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: January 1, 2011
• Primary Completion (Actual): May 1, 2013
• Study Completion (Actual): October 1, 2013

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: June 22, 2012
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 6, 2012
• First Posted (Estimate): July 9, 2012

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): July 30, 2015
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 28, 2015
• Last Verified: June 1, 2012

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: gait speed; cognitive processing speed
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Mental Disorders; Pathologic Processes; Nervous System Diseases; Neurologic Manifestations; Neurocognitive Disorders; Disease; Cognition Disorders; Gait Disorders, Neurologic
• Other Study ID Numbers: PRO10090070; P30AG024827 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)