Sweet Cheeks: How Early Nutrition Affects Oral Microbiota Populations and Disease Incidence

Dietary and oral hygiene habits are known to affect oral microorganisms and disease incidence, but most research has focused on preschool aged (2-4 yr old) children. A recent experiment in our lab demonstrated a highly diverse oral microbiome in the saliva of infants without teeth (3-6 months old). These data suggest that soft tissues in the mouth serve as a reservoir for pathogens and must be considered in oral health management. The evolution of microorganisms that occurs between birth and tooth eruption has not been characterized and may have great implications as it pertains to oral disease later in life. The investigators are interested in determining how dietary changes during this time affect oral microbiota. Tongue and cheek swab samples will be collected from a small cohort of infants (n=20) at 4 time points. At the same time, a survey and 3 day feeding diary of the infant's diet will be collected. In addition, a pregnancy survey and food frequency questionnaire will be administered at the time of recruitment. Research staff will conduct a 10-minute interview at the first and last oral sample collection time. These pilot data will provide important diet-oral microbe relationships in edentulous infants, allowing us to propose and test specific hypotheses pertaining to diet, oral microbes, and disease in young children.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Health Behavior

Detailed Description

Dietary and oral hygiene habits are known to affect oral microorganisms and disease incidence, but most research has focused on preschool aged (2-4 yr old) children. A recent experiment in our lab demonstrated a highly diverse oral microbiome in the saliva of infants without teeth (3-6 months old). These data suggest that soft tissues in the mouth serve as a reservoir for pathogens and must be considered in oral health management. The evolution of microorganisms that occurs between birth and tooth eruption has not been characterized and may have great implications as it pertains to oral disease later in life. The investigators are interested in determining how dietary changes during this time affect oral microbiota. Here, tongue and cheek swab samples will be collected from a small cohort of infants (n=20) at 4 time points: 1) within 5 days of age; 2)2 wk after infant formula feeding begins; 3) 2 wk after solid foods offered; and 4) 2 wk after breast-feeding ceases. At the same time, a survey and 3 day feeding diary of the infant's diet will be collected. In addition, a pregnancy survey and food frequency questionnaire will be administered at the time of recruitment. Research staff will conduct a 10-minute interview at the first and last oral sample collection time. These pilot data will provide important diet-oral microbe relationships in edentulous infants, allowing us to propose and test specific hypotheses pertaining to diet, oral microbes, and disease in young children.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 15

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Illinois
    • Urbana, Illinois, United States, 61801
      • University of Illinois

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 2 days to 7 months (Child)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Full term infants born via vaginal delivery

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Women must deliver vaginally a full term baby (37 weeks or later). Women must have a healthy pregnancy without medical complications. Women must breastfeed their baby for a period of time after birth (greater than 1 week), followed by introduction of formula.

Exclusion criteria:

• Women must not have smoked during their pregnancy,nor have any serious medical conditions during their pregnancy.
• Infants can not be born via cesarean section.
• In addition, the infant should not have any chronic medical conditions and not taking any regular medications.

Exclusion Criteria:

• full term infant
• healthy infant
• initially breastfed by mother

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Observational Models: Cohort
• Time Perspectives: Prospective

Number of groups / cohorts

1

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort
Infants; Infant born via vaginal delivery

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Oral Bacteria	2 swabs of the tongue and 2 of the cheeks will be obtained at birth, 2 months of age, 4 months of age, and 6 months of age	birth to 6 months of age

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: October 1, 2012
• Primary Completion (Actual): March 1, 2016
• Study Completion (Actual): March 1, 2016

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: April 17, 2013
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 19, 2013
• First Posted (Estimate): April 22, 2013

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): October 31, 2016
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 28, 2016
• Last Verified: October 1, 2016

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Other Study ID Numbers: 11621