Study of the Effect of Kinesio Taping and Proprioceptive Exercise on the Stability of Ankle in Amateur Soccer Players

Soccer is a sport that attracts many participants and leads to a substantial number of injuries, especially of the ankle. Enhancement of functional joint stability by kinesio taping proprioceptive training may be important both in prevention and rehabilitation of ankle injuries. The main aim of this study was to determine the effect of kinesio taping and proprioceptive exercises on parameters related to ankle stability, such as the injury incidence, pain, static or dynamic stability and flexibility, in amateur soccer players training 3 times a week.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Injury of Musculoskeletal System
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Kinesio taping; Other: Proprioceptive exercises; Other: Placebo Kinesio taping

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 46
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Spain
  • Valencia, Spain, 46002
    • Marta Inglés

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: Male

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• To be older than 18 years old.
• To be soccer player for more than 5 years.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Serious illness.
• Recent ankle injury
• Vestibulocerebellar disorder
• Allergy to Kinesio taping
• Inability to complete all interventional sessions for any reason

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Factorial Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Group 1; This group included 16 subjects. They received kinesio taping for both ankle joints and and performed proprioceptive exercises. Proprioceptive exercises were incorporated into their normal training routine (twice per week), and included 20 min of standardised proprioceptive exercises: single leg balancing on stable surfaces, on bosu/togu balls, and hopping activities, all repeated with eyes open/closed. Kinesio taping technique was used on both ankles on the first day of training with the aim of functional and mechanical correction, following the method described by Duenas et al. It was removed on the second day of training.	Other: Kinesio taping; Kinesio taping technique was used on both ankles on the first day of training with the aim of functional and mechanical correction, following the method described by Duenas et al. It was removed on the second day of training. This procedure was repeated each week for one month.; Other: Proprioceptive exercises; Proprioceptive exercises were performed twice a week for one month. They were incorporated into their normal training routine (twice per week), and included 20 min of standardised proprioceptive exercises: single leg balancing on stable surfaces, on bosu/togu balls, and hopping activities, all repeated with eyes open/closed.
Experimental: Group 2; This group received placebo kinesio taping for ankle joint (no tension) and performed proprioceptive exercises. Proprioceptive exercises were incorporated into their normal training routine (twice per week), and included 20 min of standardised proprioceptive exercises: single leg balancing on stable surfaces, on bosu/togu balls, and hopping activities, all repeated with eyes open/closed. Kinesio taping technique was used on both ankles on the first day of training in the same way as before but with no tension. It was removed on the second day of training.	Other: Proprioceptive exercises; Proprioceptive exercises were performed twice a week for one month. They were incorporated into their normal training routine (twice per week), and included 20 min of standardised proprioceptive exercises: single leg balancing on stable surfaces, on bosu/togu balls, and hopping activities, all repeated with eyes open/closed.; Other: Placebo Kinesio taping
Experimental: Group 3; This group received kinesio taping for ankle joint. Kinesio taping technique was used on both ankles on the first day of training with the aim of functional and mechanical correction, following the method described by Duenas et al. It was removed on the second day of training.	Other: Kinesio taping; Kinesio taping technique was used on both ankles on the first day of training with the aim of functional and mechanical correction, following the method described by Duenas et al. It was removed on the second day of training. This procedure was repeated each week for one month.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Dynamic balance	Assessed by the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT). The Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) is a dynamic test that requires strength, flexibility, and proprioception. The goal of the SEBT is to maintain single leg stance on one leg while reaching as far as possible with the contralateral leg. Subjects are instructed to stand with both feet positioned inside the boundaries of the starting box. A trial initiates when the subject begins to reach in one of the four diagonal directions. In this study anterior, posteromedial and posterolateral directions will be evaluated. When reaching along the lines to the subject's right, the subject uses his right leg to reach while using his left leg as the support limb and vice versa. Subjects are not allowed to touch the ground with the reaching leg at any time during the reach. The maximal reach distance is the furthest point along the directional line.	8 weeks
Static balance	Assessed by the Unipedal Stance Test. Subjects are asked to close their eyes and to stand barefoot on the limb of their choice, with the other limb raised so that the raised foot is near but not touching the ankle of their stance limb. Prior to raising the limb, the subject is instructed to cross his arms over the chest. The investigator uses a stopwatch to measure the amount of time the subject is able to stand on one limb. Time commences when the subject raises the foot off the floor. Time ends when the subject either: (1) uses his arms (ie, uncrossed arms), (2) uses the raised foot (moves it toward or away from the standing limb or touches the floor), (3) moves the weight-bearing foot to maintain his balance (ie, rotates foot on the ground), (4) a maximum of 45 seconds has elapsed, or (5) opens eyes. The procedure is repeated 3 times and each time was recorded on the data collection sheet. The average of the 3 trials is recorded.	8 weeks
Flexibility	Assessed by the toe touch test. The subject stands on a box with his feet together and toes pointing forward. He is asked to bend from the hips forward and try to touch the ends of his fingers to the tips of your toes, without bending his knees. He should go as far as possible without pain, and try to keep his knees straight through the whole test. The distance to the basal line (top of the box) or over it is measured by a flexible tape.	8 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Pain	It was assessed by the FAAM questionaire (0= no pain; 10= great pain)	8 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Valencia

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Kinzey SJ, Armstrong CW. The reliability of the star-excursion test in assessing dynamic balance. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1998 May;27(5):356-60. doi: 10.2519/jospt.1998.27.5.356.
• Springer BA, Marin R, Cyhan T, Roberts H, Gill NW. Normative values for the unipedal stance test with eyes open and closed. J Geriatr Phys Ther. 2007;30(1):8-15. doi: 10.1519/00139143-200704000-00003.
• Martin RL, Irrgang JJ, Burdett RG, Conti SF, Van Swearingen JM. Evidence of validity for the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM). Foot Ankle Int. 2005 Nov;26(11):968-83. doi: 10.1177/107110070502601113.
• Akbari A, Sarmadi A, Zafardanesh P. The effect of ankle taping and balance exercises on postural stability indices in healthy women. J Phys Ther Sci. 2014 May;26(5):763-9. doi: 10.1589/jpts.26.763. Epub 2014 May 29.
• Dvorak J, Junge A. Football injuries and physical symptoms. A review of the literature. Am J Sports Med. 2000;28(5 Suppl):S3-9. doi: 10.1177/28.suppl_5.s-3.
• Cruz-Diaz D, Lomas-Vega R, Osuna-Perez MC, Contreras FH, Martinez-Amat A. Effects of 6 Weeks of Balance Training on Chronic Ankle Instability in Athletes: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Sports Med. 2015 Aug;36(9):754-60. doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1398645. Epub 2015 May 13.
• Abian-Vicen J, Alegre LM, Fernandez-Rodriguez JM, Aguado X. Prophylactic ankle taping: elastic versus inelastic taping. Foot Ankle Int. 2009 Mar;30(3):218-25. doi: 10.3113/FAI.2009.0218.
• Bicici S, Karatas N, Baltaci G. Effect of athletic taping and kinesiotaping(R) on measurements of functional performance in basketball players with chronic inversion ankle sprains. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2012 Apr;7(2):154-66.
• Han J, Anson J, Waddington G, Adams R, Liu Y. The Role of Ankle Proprioception for Balance Control in relation to Sports Performance and Injury. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:842804. doi: 10.1155/2015/842804. Epub 2015 Oct 25.
• Dueñas, L., Balasch, M., & Espí, G. (2010). Técnicas y nuevas aplicaciones del vendaje neuromuscular. Barcelona: Lettera Publicaciones.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): October 1, 2016
• Primary Completion (Actual): December 1, 2016
• Study Completion (Actual): April 1, 2017

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: August 8, 2016
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 10, 2016
• First Posted (Estimate): August 11, 2016

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): April 4, 2017
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 3, 2017
• Last Verified: April 1, 2017

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Other Study ID Numbers: H1449680900364

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO