Safety Skills Training For Parents of Preschool Children (Preschool_2)

As the leading cause of death and disability in children in America, unintentional injuries are a critical public health issue. Most injuries can be prevented by parents implementing effective child safety practices. This project produced an interactive multimedia (IMM) program delivered via Internet/Intranet that taught injury prevention skills to parents of children aged 2 through 5 years, with the ultimate goal of reducing mortality and disability from unintentional injury in this population.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Behavior
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: Family Safety 123; Behavioral: AAP TIPP sheets

Detailed Description

This project produced a comprehensive, interactive multimedia (IMM) program called Family Safety 123 to teach childhood injury prevention skills to parents of children 2 to 5 years of age. The program contained 40 high-quality video clips, each 2 to 5 minutes in length, depicting injury prevention strategies in 13 content areas: supervision, preventing airway obstructions, poison awareness, preventing burns, preventing falls, firearm safety, motor vehicle safety, pedestrian awareness, sports, playgrounds, water safety, bike safety, and other safety concerns. Each content area contained 1 to 6 videos comprised of short video presentations, modeling vignettes demonstrating desired behaviors, supportive testimonials, and suggestions for modifications to home and recreational environments. Family Safety 123 video content is derived from The Injury Prevention Program (TIPP) sheets developed by the American Academy of Pediatrics, which recognizes injury prevention as a primary topic for parents.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 151
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Oregon
    • Eugene, Oregon, United States, 97401
      • Oregon Center for Applied Science

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 65 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Parents of children aged 2-5 potentially were as young as 18 years old. Parents or legal guardians could potentially be as old as 65 or older.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Only English-speaking participants were accepted because the program was developed only for English speakers. All English-speaking parents of children aged 2-5 years old who wished to participate were included. Online Survey: parents under 18 years of age were excluded because we were unable to obtain parental consent online.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Prevention
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Family Safety 123; Parents viewed a website with videos on child injury prevention strategies and received emails for 30 days inviting them to view additional videos.	Behavioral: Family Safety 123; Theoretically-based injury prevention videos for families; Other Names: Family Safety 123 for Parents of Children 2-5
Active Comparator: AAP TIPP sheets; Parents viewed online injury prevention materials developed by the American Academy of Pediatrics and had continuing access to these materials for 30 days.	Behavioral: AAP TIPP sheets; American Academy of Pediatrics The Injury Prevent Program materials converted to web-based materials.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Behavioral measure: Change from baseline in identification of correct/incorrect child car safety seat and booster seat situations and bicycle helmet placement situations.	Parents viewed child car seat and booster seat situations and were asked whether 9 car safety seat and 7 booster seat items were correct or incorrect. Parents also viewed 2 bicycle helmet situations and were asked to identify if these were correct or incorrect.	30 days and 60 days

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change in knowledge of injury prevention strategies	An injury prevention knowledge scale was created across all content areas. The injury prevention knowledge scale contained 41 items (e.g., "The best way to lessen the possibility of a young child choking …") for parents of younger children and 44-items for parents of older children. The injury prevention knowledge scale represents the percent of items correctly endorsed.	30 days and 60 days
Change in attitudes and beliefs about injury prevention strategies	An injury prevention attitudes & beliefs scale was created across all content areas (e.g., "It is never ok to use a second hand car seat even if you know the car seat has never been involved in a crash."). Thirty-four items assessed attitudes & beliefs for parents of younger children and 33-items for parents of older children (alpha = .85 for both younger and older children). All items were assessed using a 5-point Likert scale with 1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree.	30 days and 60 days
Change in self-efficacy for engaging in injury prevention strategies	An injury prevention self-efficacy scale was created from 36 items across all content areas for the parents of younger children and 35 items for parents of older (e.g., "I am confident that I know the safest way to store guns and ammunition") (alpha = .77 for younger children and .89 for older children.) All items were assessed using a 5-point Likert scale with 1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree.	30 days and 60 days
Change in car safety knowledge of injury prevention	Three items were used to assess knowledge of car safety injury prevention (e.g., "Your child should use a forward-facing safety seat until…") with the response coded as either 0 = incorrect or 1 = correct.	30 days and 60 days
Change in car safety attitudes & beliefs of injury prevention	Two items were used to assess attitudes and beliefs towards car safety injury prevention (e.g., "It is never ok to use a second car seat even if you know the car seat has never been involved in a crash"). Both items were assessed with a 5-point Likert scale with 1 = strongly disagree and 5 = strongly agree. Both of the attitudes & beliefs items for the car safety attitudes content area were discarded because the wording proved confusing to participants.	30 days and 60 days
Change in car safety self-efficacy in performing injury prevention skills	Four items were used to assess self-efficacy in performing car safety injury prevention skills (e.g., "How confident are you that you know when to transition your child into a booster seat?"). Items were assessed with a 5-point Likert scale with 1 = not at all confident and 5 = extremely confident.	30 days and 60 days
Change in wheeled sports knowledge of injury prevention	Two items were used to assess knowledge of wheeled sports injury prevention (e.g., "A child carrier bike seat should…") with the response coded as either 0 = incorrect or 1 = correct.	30 days and 60 days
Change in wheeled sports attitudes & beliefs of injury prevention	Four items were used to assess attitudes & beliefs towards wheeled sports safety injury prevention (e.g., "It is extremely important for my child to wear a helmet whenever riding his or her bike"). Items were assessed with a 5-point Likert scale with 1 = strongly disagree and 5 = strongly agree.	30 days and 60 days
Change in wheeled sports self-efficacy in performing injury prevention skills	Three items were used to assess self-efficacy in performing wheeled sports injury prevention skills (e.g., "How confident are you that you know how to correctly check the fit of your child's helmet?"). Items were assessed with a 5-point Likert scale with 1 = not at all confident and 5 = extremely confident.	30 days and 60 days

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Oregon Center for Applied Science, Inc.
• Collaborators: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: September 1, 2009
• Primary Completion (Actual): September 1, 2010
• Study Completion (Actual): September 1, 2010

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: December 30, 2014
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 12, 2016
• First Posted (Estimate): October 14, 2016

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): October 14, 2016
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 12, 2016
• Last Verified: October 1, 2016

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: prevention; injury; computer; internet; child safety
• Other Study ID Numbers: SBIR72RR-2; R44HD047068 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO