Scapular Muscle Endurance, Shoulder Pain, and Functionality

Scapular Muscle Endurance, Shoulder Pain, and Functionality in Patients With Rotator Cuff Related Shoulder Pain: A Matched, Case-Control Study

The purpose of this study is to compare scapular muscle endurance (SME), shoulder pain, and functionality of patients with rotator cuff related shoulder pain (RCRSP) with those in the age-gender matched healthy controls and to evaluate the relationship between SME with shoulder pain, and functional impairments in patients with RCRSP.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Rotator Cuff Syndrome of Shoulder and Allied Disorders
• Intervention / Treatment: Device: Scapular muscle endurance test; Other: Pain intensity; Device: Upper Limb Functional Performance

Detailed Description

Patients with RCRSP (n:23), and age-gender matched healthy controls (n:23) were included in the study. SME were measured by a one-kilogram dynamometer while the shoulder and elbows are flexed 90°. Self-reported pain intensity (activity, night, after SME and FIT-HaNSA) was assessed visual analog scale (VAS). Functionality was also assessed using the Functional Impairment test-hand, neck, shoulder, and arm (FIT-HaNSA).

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 46

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 65 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: N/A
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

• Sampling Method: Probability Sample

Study Population

23 patients and 23 age-gender matched healthy subjects who met the inclusion criteria were included to the study

Description

Inclusion criteria:

• Positive sign in two or more specific shoulder clinical tests;
• The presence of RCRSP in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI);
• At least 120° flexion, 25° abduction, and 30° external rotation movements of the shoulder;
• Being right arm dominant;
• No surgical history in the shoulder region.

Exclusion criteria:

• Patients with shoulder pathology other than RCRSP such as glenohumeral instability (capsular and ligamentous lesions, labral lesions, or bone lesions), bicipital tendon lesions, acromioclavicular joint osteoarthritis, glenohumeral joint osteoarthritis, adhesive capsulitis, shoulder or cervical surgery history,
• Neurological and systemic inflammatory diseases,
• Bilateral shoulder complaints,
• Cardiovascular system diseases,
• Pregnancy,
• Underwent shoulder-related physical therapy within the past three months.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Observational Models: Case-Control
• Time Perspectives: Prospective

Number of groups / cohorts

2

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort	Intervention / Treatment
rotator cuff related shoulder pain; Participants were assessed for SME, pain (rest, activity, night, measurement), and upper extremity function (FIT-HaNSA).	Device: Scapular muscle endurance test; The SME test, developed by Edmondston et al. 17, is based on an exercise used to improve the performance of the serratus anterior and trapezius muscles. The test was carried out while the subjects were facing the wall in standing position and with their shoulders and elbows flexed to 90 degrees. While both scapulae were in neutral position, an appropriate size of stick (18-36 cm) was selected and placed between the elbows, and they were asked to hold the dynamometer (Feta 137 F0202 1 kg/10 N) between their hands.; Other: Pain intensity; Pain intensity assessment was performed by questioning rest, activity, night, and measuremant pain using a visual analogue scale (VAS) on a 10 cm line with marks at both ends to define the limits of the pain experience as "no pain" (0) and "maximum pain experienced" (10), with higher scores indicating greater pain 20.; Device: Upper Limb Functional Performance; The Functional Impairment Test-Hand and Neck/Shoulder/Arm (FIT-HaNSA) protocol, which was developed by MacDermid et al. 21, was used to evaluate the functional performance of the upper extremity when performing 3 tasks.; Other Names: FIT-HaNSA
age gender matched healthy controls; Participants were assessed for SME, and upper extremity function (FIT-HaNSA).	Device: Scapular muscle endurance test; The SME test, developed by Edmondston et al. 17, is based on an exercise used to improve the performance of the serratus anterior and trapezius muscles. The test was carried out while the subjects were facing the wall in standing position and with their shoulders and elbows flexed to 90 degrees. While both scapulae were in neutral position, an appropriate size of stick (18-36 cm) was selected and placed between the elbows, and they were asked to hold the dynamometer (Feta 137 F0202 1 kg/10 N) between their hands.; Device: Upper Limb Functional Performance; The Functional Impairment Test-Hand and Neck/Shoulder/Arm (FIT-HaNSA) protocol, which was developed by MacDermid et al. 21, was used to evaluate the functional performance of the upper extremity when performing 3 tasks.; Other Names: FIT-HaNSA

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Scapular muscle endurance	Unit of Measure:second	Baseline assessment, no follow-up
Pain intensity	Unit of Measure:visual analogue scale	Baseline assessment, no follow-up
Upper Limp Functional Performance	Protocol: FIT-HaNSA	Baseline assessment, no follow-up

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Gazi University
• Investigators: Study Chair: Selda BAŞAR, Gazi University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): December 1, 2015
• Primary Completion (Actual): December 1, 2017
• Study Completion (Actual): January 1, 2018

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: August 26, 2018
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 27, 2018
• First Posted (Actual): August 29, 2018

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): January 11, 2023
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 10, 2023
• Last Verified: January 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Disability; Endurance; Scapula; Rotator cuff lesions
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pain; Neurologic Manifestations; Joint Diseases; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Arthralgia; Shoulder Pain
• Other Study ID Numbers: 25901600-577

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: No

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No