Spanish Study of Hyperkalaemia Incidence and Prognosis in Patients With Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction (SPANIK-HF)

May 20, 2021 updated by: Maria G. Crespo Leiro, Spanish Society of Cardiology

Spanish Multicentric Study of Hyperkalaemia Prevalence, Incidence and Prognosis in Patients With Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction

  • Participant centres and researchers:

    20 National Public Health System hospitals. Cardiology specialist physicians

  • Clinical Research Ethics Committee (CREC):

Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid

- Main goal: To estimate prevalence and, in medium term basis (12 months), incidence of hyperkalaemia in heart failure (HF) outpatients with reduced ejection fraction (REF) and its relationship with non-optimal HF therapy and clinical outcomes (mortality and hospital admission).

- Study design: National multicentric prospective observational study that includes 12 months follow-up of consecutive cases of HF outpatients with REF. Inclusion baseline visit and follow -up visits at 12 months will be scheduled for collecting clinical and blood sample data of patients.

- Study population: The expected number of patients recruited in 20 Spanish research centres is 600.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Detailed Description

PARTICIPANT CENTRES AND RESEARCHERS: 20 National Public Health System hospitals. Cardiology specialist physicians

MAIN GOAL: To estimate prevalence and, in medium term basis (12 months), incidence of hyperkalaemia in heart failure (HF) outpatients with reduced ejection fraction (REF) and its relationship with non-optimal HF therapy and clinical outcomes (mortality and hospital admission).

SPECIFIC GOALS:

  1. -Estimating Hyperkalaemia prevalence in these patients.
  2. -Assessing the role of hyperkalaemia with the use of non-optimal therapy doses.
  3. -Estimating 12 months hyperkalaemia incidence on these patients and describing the severity of the episodes.
  4. -Estimating incidence of HF hospital admission and/or death in these patients on a medium term basis (12 months) and its association with existence of hyperkalaemia during follow up.
  5. -Assessing hyperkalaemia risk during follow-up in relation with the existence of diabetes and/or renal failure (RF) at baseline visit.

STUDY DESIGN National multicentric prospective observational study that includes 12 months follow-up of consecutive cases of HF outpatients with REF. Inclusion baseline visit and follow -up visit at 12 months will be scheduled for collecting clinical and blood sample data of patients.

The study will be performed in ordinary conditions of clinical practice; no additional procedures or interventions will be performed. Patients will be selected in cardiology outpatient clinics of 20 Spanish centres, including the first 30 patients meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria. All patients will undergo the common studies according to usual clinical practice and at least both, potassium and renal creatinine clearance values will be collected.

To respond to the main objective, prevalence of hyperkalaemia at baseline will be determined as well as the appearance of new hyperkalaemia cases in the follow up of patients that had normal potassium levels at baseline visit; their relationship with outcomes of interest will also be determined

STUDY POPULATION:

The expected number of patients recruited in 20 Spanish research centres is 600.

CONSIDERATIONS ABOUT SIMPLE SIZE:

Assuming a 10% risk of outcomes (mortality or HF hospital admission) among the exposed (hyperkalaemia), 2.5% among the non-exposed and a 7:1 non-exposed/exposed ratio, 73 exposed and 511 non-exposed patients should be included to have a 80% power to detect these differences with a 95% confidence level. The recruitment goal is set at 600 patients.

This sample size allows a precision of ±2,4%, assuming a prevalence of hyperkalaemia at baseline of 10% and with a 95% confidence level. Furthermore, assuming 5% hyperkalaemia cumulative incidence through follow-up among hyperkalaemia-free patients at baseline, the proposed sample size, allows a precision of±1,8% with a 95% confidence level.

SELECTION OF CENTRES The number of participant centres throughout Spain will be 20 and a cardiologist will be the principal investigator at every centre. The centres have been selected either among those with excellence-certified HF units, included in CiberCV Consortium or with good performance in previous similar registries; this selection is not random, but based on interest and high performance criteria in the field of HF

VARIABLES AND CRF:

The main outcome variables are:

  1. - Hyperkalaemia. Serum Potassium (K+) will be measured in baseline and follow-up visits, but also if there is any intermediate hospital admission. All available potassium measurements during follow-up will be reviewed and values of hyperkalaemia identified. Hyperkalaemia will be considered with (K+) Values > 5,4 mEq/L

  2. - Proportion of patients using drugs with proven efficacy for HF with REF -but also linked with hyperkalaemia- (ACEIs/ARB-II/ARNI and MRAs) and proportion of patients with use of optimal doses (based on current ESC heart failure guidelines2) of the same drugs; reason for not using them (or not receiving optimal doses) will be registered. Proportion of patients in the following categories will also be computed:

    • No ACEi/ARB/ARNI or at less than target dose and no MRA
    • ACEi/ARB/ARNI at target dose and no MRA
    • ACEi/ARB/ARNI at target dose and MRA at less than target dose
    • ACEi/ARB/ARNI at target dose and MRA at target dose
  3. - Hospital admissions during follow-up and main cause for them. Outcomes considered will include HF admissions caused by hyperkalaemia and related events. Outcome Serum (K+) values will be also registered.
  4. - Mortality and cause. HF (and hyperkalaemia) hospital admissions and mortality will be independently considered as outcomes; joint outcome incidence of both will be also calculated.

STUDY DEVELOPMENT:

Every participating centre will include from inclusion date the first 30 heart failure outpatients who fulfil the inclusion criteria and none of the exclusion ones. The excluded patients will be also registered, pointing out the reason of exclusion. A follow-up and final visit will be scheduled after 12 months for collecting all the variables the study requires. Hospitalisation data since inclusion visit will be also collected, together with the information of blood sample test performed in such period for detecting hyperkalaemia episodes. Mortality data will include date and cause, where possible. If follow-up visit cannot be conducted, the reason for it will be registered. The envisaged length of the study is 24 months since approval date.

DATA COLLECTION:

Consecutively, every researcher will handle and explain the information sheet to the patients that might fulfil de inclusion criteria (and do not present any exclusion criteria) and will ask them to sign the informed consent. Researchers must warrant the accuracy and completion of the data collected for the study. Data registered at CRF should be consistent with source documents used for their collection.

DATA MANAGEMENT:

Data will be collected during initial and follow-up visits and they will be integrated into a unique data base of the web platform. Researchers are responsible of the information included in the database and will access by means of personal login and password. The online platform will include ranges and rules to minimize errors in data registering.

PLAN FOR DATA ANALYSIS Hyperkalaemia prevalence at basal visit and the rate of patients who do not receive and/or reach optimal doses of drugs of interest (ACIEs, ARB-II, MRAs) will be estimated and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals computed. The reason for not receiving and/or reaching optimal doses of drugs will be described, especially if it is due to hyperkalaemia.

For those patients who do not present hyperkalaemia at baseline, 12 month hyperkalaemia cumulative incidence (95% confidence interval) will be estimated; also it will be estimated the proportion of patients who have to modify their therapy due to hyperkalaemia.

The number of episodes of hyperkalaemia during follow-up in relation to the number of patients will be estimated and their severity and the therapy changes that induced described. Also 12 months cumulative incidence of clinical outcomes will be estimated: hospitalisation due to HF or to, hyperkalaemia (and related events) and mortality, considered as individual and composite outcomes. The association between hyperkalaemia and occurrence of outcomes will be analyses and also adjusted using potential confounding factors by means of logistic regression models

The quantitative variables will be generally described using either the mean and the standard deviation or the median and interquartile range according them following or not a normal distribution. When comparing groups, t-student test will be used for continuous variables and chi-share test for qualitative ones.

Both, intermediate and final analysis, are planned to be carried out after baseline-visit closure and at the end of follow up (12 months).

Study Type

Observational

Enrollment (Actual)

565

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Spain
      • A Coruña, Spain
        • Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC)

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Sampling Method

Probability Sample

Study Population

The expected number of patients recruited in 20 Spanish research centres is 600.

The study population is composed of consecutive HF outpatients with REF from excellence Spanish centres.

The study will be performed in 20 Spanish centres, either SEC HF- excellence certified, integrating official research networks or with excellent performance proven in previous similar initiatives.

Every centre will include the first 30 consecutive cardiology outpatients who fulfil the inclusion criteria and that do not present any exclusion criteria. All pre-screened patients will be indicated, together with the reason of their exemption if occurs.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Patients, women or men, aged 18 or more
  2. Documented HF with REF (<40%) diagnosis
  3. Signed written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Any type of disorder affecting the capacity to give free and informed written consent
  2. Clinical trial enrolment at the moment of the inclusion
  3. Patients suffering stage 5 chronic kidney disease
  4. Patients with less than a year life span due to diseases different from HF
  5. Not having completed HF drug titration stage at the moment of inclusion (this stage is not completed if, on doctor's judgement, possible maximum doses have not been reached in RAA system drugs and any of these drugs has been included or dose-modified in recruitment visit)
  6. Informed consent refusal

At any time during follow-up patients can leave the study (and will be censored in the analysis) or retire their consent (and will be excluded from the analysis).

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Observational Models: Cohort
  • Time Perspectives: Prospective

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort
Heart failure (HF) outpatients with reduced ejection fraction

Heart Failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (REF): Patients with confirmed diagnosis of HF and with ejection fraction<40%.

Hyperkalaemia: K+values> 5,4 mEq/L.

Optimal doses: the maximum doses of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone related drugs that, according to the physician's judgement, the patient can receive. If any of these drugs (ACIEs, ARB-II, MRAs or sacubitril-valsartan) is de novointroducedat the initial visit, optimal doses will be not considered established.

A previous personal history of diseases and/or outcomes will be registered according to the usual practice of every centre.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
One-year incidence of hyperkalemia
Time Frame: 12 months
New onset of serum K+ >5,4 mEq/L
12 months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Non-optimal heart failure therapy
Time Frame: 12 months

Proportion of patients using drugs with proven efficacy for HF with REF -but also linked with hyperkalaemia- (ACEIs/ARB-II/ARNI and MRAs)

Proportion of patients with use of optimal doses (based on current ESC heart failure guidelines2) of the same drugs

Proportion of patients that do not receive ACEi/ARB/ARNI (or at less than target dose) AND do not receive MRA either.

Proportion of patients that receive ACEi/ARB/ARNI at target dose AND do not receive MRA.

Proportion of patients that receive ACEi/ARB/ARNI at target dose AND receive MRA at less than target dose.

Proportion of patients that receive ACEi/ARB/ARNI at target dose AND also receive MRA at target dose.
12 months
One-year incidence of heart failure hospital admission
Time Frame: 12 months
One-year incidence of heart failure hospital admission
12 months
One-year incidence of mortality
Time Frame: 12 months
Total mortality
12 months
One-year incidence of heart failure hospital admission and/or mortality
Time Frame: 12 months
One-year incidence of heart failure hospital admission and/or mortality
12 months

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Spanish Society of Cardiology

Collaborators

AstraZeneca

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: María G Crespo Leiro, MD, PhD, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC)
  • Principal Investigator: Juan Delgado Jiménez, MD, PhD, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid
  • Principal Investigator: Javier Muñiz García, MD, PhD, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias da Saúde. Universidade da Coruña. INIBIC

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

April 30, 2019

Primary Completion (Actual)

March 31, 2021

Study Completion (Actual)

March 31, 2021

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

October 23, 2019

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

October 24, 2019

First Posted (Actual)

October 28, 2019

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

May 25, 2021

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

May 20, 2021

Last Verified

March 1, 2021

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • ESR-17-13244

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

Undecided

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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