Insight Into New Brown Adipose Tissue Activators.

Searching for the New Mechanisms That Activate Brow Fat Tissue

The general purpose of the study was to provide new information about the role of macronutrients intake, metabolomics, proteomics and microRNA on BAT activation.

The invesigator evaluated BAT activity and whole body energy consumption under cold stimulation in two gruops of healthy males aged 21-43 years old with normal BMI ( 19-25kg/m2) and in overweight/obese subjects.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Healthy; Obesity; Adiposity; Diet Habit; Metabolic Disturbance; Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases; Metabolic Complication
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: cold expossure

Detailed Description

In detail, the main objectives of this study was to measure the influence of biological molecules of such fields: genomics, transcriptomics metabolomics and protemics and its relationship on BAT activation. The investigator also evaluated the role of diet, macronutirnets intake and polyunsaturated fatty acids on BAT activity.

Study design:

1. SCREENING VISIT:

• obtaining written informed consent from all subjects
• physical examination
• body composition analysis ( DXA + bioindepedance method inbody 720)

Laboratory analyses:

• Oral glucose tolerance test ( OGGT 75g)
• Morphology
• CRP
• Creatinine
• Urine analysis
• Lipids profile
• TSH
• ALT,AST

Dietary analysis All subjects fulfilled a 3-day food diary. Subjects were asked to compare the portion sizes with the colour photographs of each portion size, and to weigh food, if possible. The daily total energy, macronutrients, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), omega-3, and omega-6 fatty acids intake were analysed.

2) STUDY VISITS: Patients who met the inclusion criteria and passed the screening stage were invited for the first visit when PET / MRI after 2h of cold exposure was performed.

Subjects were studied in the morning, from approximately 8 a.m. to 12 a.m., after an overnight fast beginning at 10 p.m. the night before. At the beginning of the day on which the PET study was performed, a catheter was inserted in the subject's antecubital vein for a bolus injection of 18F-FDG. Another catheter was inserted in the antecubital vein of the contralateral arm and was used to obtain samples of venous blood.

The subjects rested in a supine position under thermoneutral conditions (22°C) for 1 hour and then participants were exposed to cooling for 2 hours. The water perfused blankets were used in the applied protocol of cooling. Blood samples were taken before as well as in 60th and 120th min of cooling. Subjects were cooled until shivering and then temperature is set slightly (1-2°C) above the temperature that causes the onset of shivering. Shivering were confirmed by visual inspection and by asking the subject each 15 min. After 2 hour the tracer 18F-FDG (4 MBq/kg ) was administered intravenously, and scanning was performed after the injection of tracer.

Skin temperatures were measured continually by means of electrode attached to skin below armpit.

During the cold exposure, whole body resting energy expenditure (REE) was assessed by a computed open-circuit indirect calorimetry method- based on the consumption of O2 and the production of CO2. The 30 min long measurements of resting oxygen uptake and resting carbon dioxide production were performed by a ventilated canopy Vmax Encore 29n System (Viasys HealthCare, Yorba Linda, CA, USA) at the baseline ( -30 min to 0 min) and every 30 min until 120 min of cold exposure.

During PET-MRI scanning blood samples were taken in 5', 10' 20' 30' 40' to check the activity of 18-FDG. After PET/MRI patient's urine was collected and analyzed for activity of tracer. Blood samples were taken for analysis before the cold exposure, at 60 min and 120 min during the cold exposure to evaluate:

Glucose, IL-6, Insulin, Free Fatty Acids (FFA), TSH, fT4,fT3, Irisin, Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), plasma nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA), DNA, Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell (PBMC) for microRNA isolation, metabolomics and proteomics analysis.

SUMMARY:

The goal of our study is to search for new mechanisms that stimulate activation of BAT. It is likely that individuals with different content and activity of the brown adipose will have different set of serum markers after exposure to cold. This will allow the identification of new biomarkers and to understand the molecular mechanisms responsible for the activation of the brown adipose tissue. The outcomes will enable to find new potential therapeutic and diagnostic applications given to the current obesity pandemic.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 40

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 20 years to 43 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: Male

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

The study group comprised of 28 young, healthy, non - smoking Caucasian males, aged 21-42 years (mean age 26.75 ±5.11 years old), 16 with normal body weight (BMI < 25 kg/m2) and 12 obese/overweight (BMI > 25 kg/m2). Only participants without any comorbidities (e.g. hypo- and hyperthyroidis, asthma, cardiovascular disease, renal and liver failure, etc.) as well as without any medications (beta-blockers etc.) that could have impact on results, were enrolled to the study. Outside and shift workers have been excluded from the study as well.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

Inclusion criteria to the group 1 (healthy males) N=20:

1. BMI <25 kg/m2;
2. RR<140/90mmHg;
3. age 20-30/40 years
4. fasting glycemia <100mg/dl; 2h-OGTT <140mg/dl;
5. no chronic disease

Inclusion criteria to the group 2 ( overweight/obese males) N=20:

1. Blood pressure < 140/90 mmHg (well controlled by inh ACE; no beta-blockers)
2. No chronic disease
3. BMI > 25 <35kg/m²
4. fasting glycemia <100mg/dl; 2h-OGTT <140mg/dl;

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Any drug use: beta-blokers, statins, glucocorticoids drugs, hypertension drugs;
2. hypertension;
3. cancer;
4. hormonal disorders;
5. Inflammation process
6. Smoking
7. Claustrophobia

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Observational Models: Other
• Time Perspectives: Prospective

Number of groups / cohorts

2

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort	Intervention / Treatment
Group 1= healthy subjects; Inclusion criteria to the group 1 (healthy males) N=20: BMI <25 kg/m2;; RR<140/90mmHg;; age 21-43 years; fasting glycemia <100mg/dl; 2h-OGTT <140mg/dl;; no chronic disease	Other: cold expossure; subjects were exposed for the cold, to activate and diagnose potential brown tissue activity
Group 2 = overweight/obese subjects; Inclusion criteria to the group 2 ( overweight/obese males ) N=20: Blood pressure < 140/90 mmHg (well controlled by inh ACE; no beta-blockers); No chronic disease; BMI > 25 <35kg/m²; fasting glycemia <100mg/dl; 2h-OGTT <140mg/dl;; age 21-43 years	Other: cold expossure; subjects were exposed for the cold, to activate and diagnose potential brown tissue activity

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
The potential associations between BAT activity and dietary intake	The relationship between BAT activity and dietary intake will be analyzed	2016-2018
The potential associations between BAT activity and metabolite profile	The potential molecules will be identified by metabolomics approach and will be analyzed dependently on the brown tissue activity level	the baseline (before cold exposure) and after 1st hour and 2nd hour of cold exposure
The potential associations between BAT activity and proteins profile	The potential molecules will be identified by proteomics approach and will be analyzed dependently on the brown tissue activity level	the baseline (before cold exposure) and after 1st hour and 2nd hour of cold exposure
The potential associations between BAT activity and transcriptome profile	The potential molecules will be identified by transriptomics approach and will be analyzed dependently on the brown tissue activity level	the baseline (before cold exposure) and after 1st hour and 2nd hour of cold exposure

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
The potential associations between BAT activity and Interleukin-6 concentrations	The IL-6 concentration was measured before and during cold exposure and analyzed dependently on brown adipose tissue activity	the baseline (before cold exposure) and after 1st hour and 2nd hour of cold exposure
The potential associations between BAT activity and energy expenditure	The energy expenditure was measured before and during the cold exposure, and analyzed dependently on brown adipose tissue activity	at the baseline ( -30 min to 0 min) and every 30 min until 120 min of cold exposure
The potential associations between BAT activity and substrates utilization	The substrates utilization was measured before and during the cold exposure, and analyzed dependently on brown adipose tissue activity	at the baseline ( -30 min to 0 min) and every 30 min until 120 min of cold exposure.
The potential associations between BAT activity and glucose concentrations	The glucose concentration was measured before and during cold exposure and analyzed dependently on brown adipose tissue activity	he baseline (before cold exposure) and after 1st hour and 2nd hour of cold exposure
The potential associations between BAT activity and insulin concentrations	The insulin concentration was measured before and during cold exposure and analyzed dependently on brown adipose tissue activity	the baseline (before cold exposure) and after 1st hour and 2nd hour of cold exposure
The potential associations between BAT activity and FFA ( free fatty acids) concentrations	The FFA concentration was measured before and during cold exposure and analyzed dependently on brown adipose tissue activity	the baseline (before cold exposure) and after 1st hour and 2nd hour of cold exposure
The potential associations between BAT activity and irisin concentrations	The irisin concentration was measured before and during cold exposure and analyzed dependently on brown adipose tissue activity	the baseline (before cold exposure) and after 1st hour and 2nd hour of cold exposure
The potential associations between BAT activity and atrial natiuretic peptide concentrations	The atrial natriuretic peptide concentration was measured before and during cold exposure and analyzed dependently on brown adipose tissue activity	the baseline (before cold exposure) and after 1st hour and 2nd hour of cold exposure
The potential associations between BAT activity and brain natiuretic peptide concentrations	The brain natriuretic peptide concentration was measured before and during cold exposure and analyzed dependently on brown adipose tissue activity	the baseline (before cold exposure) and after 1st hour and 2nd hour of cold exposure
The potential associations between BAT activity and plasma nonesterified fatty acid concentrations	The plasma nonesterified fatty acid concentration was measured before and during cold exposure and analyzed dependently on brown adipose tissue activity	the baseline (before cold exposure) and after 1st hour and 2nd hour of cold exposure
The potential associations between BAT activity and TSH concentrations	The TSH concentration was measured before and during cold exposure and analyzed dependently on brown adipose tissue activity	the baseline (before cold exposure) and after 1st hour and 2nd hour of cold exposure
The potential associations between BAT activity and fT3 concentrations	The fT3 concentration was measured before and during cold exposure and analyzed dependently on brown adipose tissue activity	the baseline (before cold exposure) and after 1st hour and 2nd hour of cold exposure
The potential associations between BAT activity and fT4 concentrations	The fT4 concentration was measured before and during cold exposure and analyzed dependently on brown adipose tissue activity	the baseline (before cold exposure) and after 1st hour and 2nd hour of cold exposu

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Medical University of Bialystok
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Katarzyna Maliszewska, PhD, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): October 1, 2016
• Primary Completion (Actual): February 24, 2018
• Study Completion (Actual): February 24, 2018

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: March 4, 2021
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 4, 2021
• First Posted (Actual): March 9, 2021

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): March 10, 2021
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 8, 2021
• Last Verified: March 1, 2021

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: brown adipose tissue, obesity, diabetes type 2
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Metabolic Diseases
• Other Study ID Numbers: UMB24/02/2021

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: Yes
• IPD Plan Description: Data maybe shared upon reasonable request and according with the Medical University of Bialystok condition.
• IPD Sharing Access Criteria: Data maybe shared upon reasonable request and according with the Medical University of Bialystok condition.

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No