The Effectiveness of Conversational AI Service (chatbot) Utilization on Vaccine Confidence

December 3, 2024 updated by: Joseph Tsz Kei Wu, The University of Hong Kong
The primary objective of this study is to develop and evaluate a conversational AI service (chatbot) on social media platforms to obtain accurate and up-to-date vaccine information, and assess the impact of chatbot usage on users' vaccine confidence and acceptance in Hong Kong, Singapore, and Thailand.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

The investigators will focus on vulnerable seniors and/or children from Hong Kong, Singapore and Thailand who have refused or delayed COVID-19 vaccination. Participants will be recruited by an online panel to meet the target quota by age and sex. Participants will then be randomly assigned to the intervention group and the control group. For both intervention and control groups, evaluation questionnaires will be given out to the study participants asking questions about their demographics, including age, sex, educational level, employment status and household income levels. Participants will then answer questions regarding COVID-19 vaccine confidence, including the effectiveness and safety of vaccines, and the motivations of the policymakers who decided on the needed vaccines. Participants will be asked about COVID-19 vaccine acceptance including the intention to receive COVID-19 vaccines, make plans to receive COVID-19 vaccines, and receive at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccines. The intervention group will then be asked to use the chatbot developed by the research team for up to two weeks. The chatbot is developed under the RE-AIM framework for formative, impact, and process evaluation of the intervention. The control group will have no exposure to the chatbot.

The chatbot will be supported with data from 1) social listening analytics for monitoring local real-time discourses in the digital space on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and misinformation, and 2) formative, baseline, and endpoint evaluation, which will generate evidence for development and improvement/refinement.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

1000

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Hong Kong
      • Hong Kong, Hong Kong
        • The University of Hong Kong
  • Singapore
      • Singapore, Singapore
        • National University of Singapore
  • Thailand
      • Bangkok, Thailand
        • Health Intervention and Technology Assessment Program

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Hong Kong adult residents (English or Chinese users) with (a) unvaccinated senior parents/grandparents aged 60 (including those who received first dose after the announcement of the COVID passport on 4th of January) or (b) unvaccinated children aged below 18.
  • Thailand adult residents (Thai users) with (a) unvaccinated senior parents/grandparents aged 60 or above or (b) unvaccinated children aged below 18.
  • Singapore adult residents (English or Chinese users) with unvaccinated children aged between 5 to 11 years old.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • People who do not meet the inclusion criteria.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Health Services Research
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Double

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
No Intervention: Control
Eligible adults with unvaccinated senior parents/grandparents or children.
Experimental: Intervention
Eligible adults with unvaccinated senior parents/grandparents or children.
Other: Conversational AI Service (Chatbot)
WhatsApp or Messenger Chatbot for COVID-19 vaccines

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Covid-19 vaccines confidence Index
Time Frame: 1 week
  1. "Overall, I think COVID-19 vaccines are important for children/senior parents (or grandparents)"
  2. "Overall, I think COVID-19 vaccines are safe for children/parents (or grandparents)"
  3. "Overall, I think COVID-19 vaccines are effective for children/parents (or grandparents)"

The response is a 5-point Likert scale: (a) Strongly agree (b)Tend to agree (c) Do not know (d) Tend to disagree (e) Strongly disagree
1 week
Covid-19 vaccines acceptance
Time Frame: 1 week

  1. What is the vaccination status of your children/senior parents (or grandparents) as of now?

    1. Is vaccinated with at least the first dose of the vaccine
    2. Has made an appointment but has not been vaccinated with the first dose yet
    3. Has not made an appointment but will get the vaccine.
    4. Has no plan to get vaccinated anytime soon.

  2. Do you want your children/senior parents (or grandparents) vaccinated against COVID-19 if vaccination is indicated and available for them?

    1. Yes, definitely.
    2. Unsure, but leaning towards yes.
    3. Unsure, but leaning towards no.
    4. No, definitely not.
1 week

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

The University of Hong Kong

Collaborators

National University of Singapore
Health Intervention and Technology Assessment Program (HITAP)

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Joseph T Wu, PhD, The University of Hong Kong

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

February 11, 2022

Primary Completion (Actual)

February 17, 2023

Study Completion (Actual)

February 17, 2023

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

December 21, 2021

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

June 17, 2022

First Posted (Actual)

June 21, 2022

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Estimated)

December 6, 2024

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

December 3, 2024

Last Verified

December 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

Other Study ID Numbers

  • UW 21-659

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

YES

IPD Plan Description

Individual participant data that underlie the results reported in the article, after de-identification (text, tables, figures, and appendices), will be shared. A written data-sharing request for meta-analysis should be submitted by email with a methodologically sound proposal. Proposals should be directed to kathysleung@connect.hku.hk; to gain access, data requestors will need to sign a data access agreement.

IPD Sharing Time Frame

Beginning 9 months and ending 36 months following article publication

IPD Sharing Access Criteria

Researchers who provide a methodologically sound proposal for meta-analysis. Proposals should be directed to Kathyleung@connect.hku.hk; to gain access, data requestors will need to sign a data access agreement.

IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type

  • STUDY_PROTOCOL

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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