Evaluation of 41 Cases of Pediatric Granuloma Annulare

Clinical and Histopathological Evaluation of 41 Cases of Pediatric Granuloma Annulare

INTRODUCTION: Granuloma annulare is a non-infectious, granulomatous disease that can affect children and adults. Although there are many studies examining adult patients, there are limited studies examining pediatric granuloma annulare cases. It is aimed to examine the demographic, clinical, and pathological features of pediatric granuloma annulare cases in this study.

MATERIALS and METHODS: This study was performed retrospectively in a single-center, tertiary dermatology hospital. Forty-one patients, under the age of 18 who were admitted to the dermatology outpatient clinic between 2008-2021 and diagnosed with granuloma annulare were scanned from the hospital database and patient photograph archive. Demographic characteristics, and clinical and histopathological features were evaluated.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Granuloma Annulare

Detailed Description

Granuloma annulare; is a non-infectious, granulomatous skin reaction with potential triggers that can affect the adult and pediatric age group. Diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and malignancy have been described in association with adult granuloma annulare cases. While there are studies on the clinical, pathological features and associated diseases in patients with adult granuloma annulare, a limited number of studies have been conducted on pediatric granuloma annulare patients. Therefore, clinical and histopathological evaluation of pediatric granuloma annulare cases was planned in our study.

This study was performed retrospectively in a single-center tertiary dermatology hospital. Patients under the age of 18 who were admitted to the dermatology outpatient clinic between 2008-2021 and diagnosed with granuloma annulare were scanned from the hospital database and patient photograph archive. Cases with uncertain diagnosis were not included in the study. Cases with dermatological findings recorded in detail and/or diagnosed histopathologically were included in the study. Demographic features, lesion localization, lesion characteristics (size, elementary lesion, color), involvement (localized/generalized), histopathological features, concomitant diseases, differential diagnoses in cases with histopathology, regression time and recommended treatments were recorded.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 41

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Turkey
  • Istanbul, Turkey, 34098
    • Istanbul Training and Research Hospital

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: No older than 18 years (Child, Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Patients under the age of 18 who were admitted to the dermatology outpatient clinic between 2008-2021 and diagnosed with granuloma annulare

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Being under 18 years old
• Having granuloma annulare
• Applying to the Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Dermatology Outpatient Clinic between 2008-2021
• Consenting to participate in the study

Exclusion Criteria:

-Being over 18 years old

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Observational Models: Case-Only
• Time Perspectives: Retrospective

Number of groups / cohorts

1

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort
Patients; Patients under the age of 18 who were admitted to the dermatology outpatient clinic between 2008-2021 and diagnosed with granuloma annulare

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Evaluation of the genders of the pediatric patients with granuloma annulare	male, female	day 0
Evaluation of the ages of the pediatric patients with granuloma annulare	age (year)	day 0
Evaluation of the concomitant diseases of the pediatric patients with granuloma annulare	the concomitant diseases of the participants	day 0
Evaluation of the lesion localization of the pediatric patients with granuloma annulare	head and neck, upper extremity, lower extremity, trunk	day 0
Evaluation of the lesion duration of the pediatric patients with granuloma annulare	the time interval in between appearance of the lesion and diagnosis (month)	day 0
Evaluation of the lesion type of the pediatric patients with granuloma annulare	papule, pustule, plaque, nodule	day 0
Evaluation of the mean size of the lesion	diameter (cm)	day 0
Evaluation of the clinical involvement	localized, generalized	day 0
Histopathological evaluation of the infiltration type of the pediatric patients with granuloma annulare	neutrophilic, lymphocytic, lymphohistiocytic, eosinophil, mixed infiltrations	day 0
Histopathological evaluation of the infiltration pattern of the pediatric patients with granuloma annulare	Interstitial, palisadic	day 0
Evaluation of epidermal findings	regular/irregular, hyperkeratosis, acanthosis	day 0
Evaluation of depth of infiltrate	superficial, medium, deep	day 0

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Istanbul Training and Research Hospital

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): March 11, 2022
• Primary Completion (Actual): May 11, 2022
• Study Completion (Actual): June 1, 2022

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: July 15, 2022
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 21, 2022
• First Posted (Actual): July 25, 2022

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): July 25, 2022
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 21, 2022
• Last Verified: July 1, 2022

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Granuloma Annulare; Pediatric Dermatology; Pediatric Granuloma Annulare
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pathologic Processes; Skin Diseases; Lymphoproliferative Disorders; Lymphatic Diseases; Connective Tissue Diseases; Collagen Diseases; Necrobiotic Disorders; Granuloma; Granuloma Annulare
• Other Study ID Numbers: 97

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: No

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No