Metabolic Cost of Sandbag Training

This study aims at investigating the metabolic cost of several fundamental exercises with sandbag. Sandbag training has become a popular training modality that is efficiently used to improve cardiovascular status and physical performance. Despite its widespread use and popularity the metabolic cost of exercises using sandbag remains to be elucidated. Therefore, the metabolic cost of various fundamental exercise with sandbag will be determined to aid the planning of exercise training programs.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Exercise Energy Expenditure
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Sandbag exercise

Detailed Description

Ten healthy young adults will be assigned to this study. Participants will initially undergo a baseline assessment of their anthropometrics, body composition (by DXA), resting metabolic rate (RMR), cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max), muscular strength [maximal strength (1RM) and muscular endurance] and functional capacity. After baseline screening, participants will execute in different days (one exercise per day) one set of each of the following 8 exercise: (1) lateral bag drag, (2) dead bag, (3) shoulder to shoulder thruster, (4) sumo DL with pull, (5) front lunge, (6) single leg RDL, (7) reverse lunge with rotation and (8) clean, in two different conditions: (i) 30 sec and (ii) 45 sec exercise duration, in a random order. Prior to each exercise resting heart rate, blood lactate concentration, oxygen consumption and rate of perceived exertion will be recorded. Heart rate and oxygen consumption (through portable gas analyzer) will be continuously monitored during the exercise and after the end of it, until the oxygen consumption reach the pre-exercise values (excess post-exercise oxygen consumption). Blood lactate and rate of perceived exertion will be reassessed post-exercise.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 10
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Greece
  • Karyes
    • Trikala, Karyes, Greece, 42100
      • Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Exercise Biochemistry and Sports Nutrition, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Aged between 18 and 35 years
• Physically active individuals
• Free of chronic diseases
• Free of musculoskeletal injuries
• Nonsmokers

Exclusion Criteria:

• Chronic disease
• Musculoskeletal injury
• Consumption of alcohol, caffeine and any type of ergogenic supplement during the study.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Screening
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: 30-SEC; Participants will execute each exercise for 30 seconds	Other: Sandbag exercise; Both arms include an exercise intervention consisted of 8 different exercises with sandbag: (1) lateral bag drag, (2) dead bag, (3) shoulder to shoulder thruster, (4) sumo DL with pull, (5) front lunge, (6) single leg RDL, (7) reverse lunge with rotation and (8) clean
Experimental: 45-SEC; Participants will execute each exercise for 45 seconds	Other: Sandbag exercise; Both arms include an exercise intervention consisted of 8 different exercises with sandbag: (1) lateral bag drag, (2) dead bag, (3) shoulder to shoulder thruster, (4) sumo DL with pull, (5) front lunge, (6) single leg RDL, (7) reverse lunge with rotation and (8) clean

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change in exercise energy expenditure	Total energy expenditure (kcals) during the exercise will be assessed by summing the kcals of the oxidative system, the glycolytic system and the excess post-exercise oxygen consumption.	At pre-exercise, during and up to 15 minutes after the exercise (a single set lasting 30 or 45 seconds)
Change in recovery energy expenditure	The contribution of excess post-exercise oxygen consumption in exercise energy expenditure will be assessed by the change in oxygen consumption after the exercise using a portable gas analyzer	At pre-exercise and up to 15 minutes after the exercise (a single set lasting 30 or 45 seconds)
Change in aerobic energy expenditure	The contribution of oxidative system in exercise energy expenditure will be assessed by the change in oxygen consumption during the exercise using a portable gas analyzer	At pre-exercise and during the exercise (a single set lasting 30 or 45 seconds)
Change in anaerobic energy expenditure	The glycolytic contribution to exercise energy expenditure will be assessed by the change in blood lactate concentration after the exercise	At pre-exercise and post-exercise (a single set lasting 30 or 45 seconds)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change in blood lactate concentration	Blood lactate concentration will be assessed using a portable automatic analyzer	At pre-exercise and 4 minutes after the exercise session
Change in heart rate	Heart rate will be assessed using a wearable heart rate monitor	At pre-exercise, during and up to 15 minutes after the exercise session.
Change in respiratory exchange ratio	Respiratory exchange ratio will be assessed using a portable gas analyzer.	At pre-exercise, during and up to 15 minutes after the exercise session.
Change in rate of perceived exertion	Perceived exertion will be assessed using the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale (0-10), with ''0'' indicating ''No Exertion'' and ''10'' indicating ''Maximal Exertion''.	At pre-exercise and post-exercise session.

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Thessaly
• Investigators: Study Director: Dimitrios Draganidis, PhD, University of Thessaly

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): October 15, 2023
• Primary Completion (Actual): November 30, 2023
• Study Completion (Actual): December 15, 2023

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: October 6, 2023
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 6, 2023
• First Posted (Actual): October 12, 2023

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimated): December 19, 2023
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 18, 2023
• Last Verified: December 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Functional training; Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption; Sandbag training; Anaerobic energy expenditure; Aerobic energy expenditure
• Other Study ID Numbers: MET-SANDBAG-UTH

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No