Ataxia-telangiectasia: Treating Mitochondrial Dysfunction With Nicotinamide Riboside (ATNAD)

Single Arm Open-label Clinical Trial in Ataxia-telangiectasia to Test the Effects of Nicotinamide Riboside on Ataxia Scales, Immune Function, and Neurofilament Light Chain.

Study design: Single arm open-label clinical trial in ataxia-telangiectasia to test the effects of nicotinamide riboside on ataxia scales, immune function, and neurofilament light chain. Study population: 6-10 patients with Ataxia-Telangiectasia. Dose: Nicotinamide riboside 25 mg/kg/day in 3 equal divided doses.

Primary endpoint: Scales for assessment and rating of ataxia (SARA), and International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS). Improvement of at least ½ standard deviation in key clinical scales which includes either; a) significant improvement in total combined scores from the SARA and ICARS scales, and /or b) significant improvements any aspects of the SARA and ICARS scales individually, especially pertaining to; Postural and gait improvements, Improved syllable speed and articulation, Improved fine motor skills.

Secondary endpoints: Serum analysis of neurofilament light chain (Nfl), Type 1 Interferon (INFs) epigenetic signature

Study Overview

• Status: Not yet recruiting
• Conditions: Ataxia Telangiectasia
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Nicotinamide riboside

Detailed Description

Ataxia Telangiectasia (A-T) is a rare, genetic, progressive, life-limiting, neuro-degenerative condition affecting a variety of body systems resulting in ataxia, immune deficiency, respiratory complications and a predisposition to cancer. Currently there is no cure for A-T.

Over the years, a number of small clinical trials using steroids, antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents have had little success. The disease natural history is relentless leading to early death. A-T generates a significant disease burden for the individuals, their extended families and on health care resources. With palliative care being the only current option for families, a treatment trial for A-T meets an unmet need. Our group previously demonstrated compelling evidence of reversible mitochondrial dysfunction and preventable cell death in A-T patient cells and the beneficial effects of heptanoate (C7), the primary metabolite of triheptanoin. C7 corrects a defect in endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondrial signalling in A-T cells and has great potential for application in treating patients. C7 has been utilised with efficacy and safety over the last 15 years for inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) such as long chain fatty acid defects (LC-FAOD).

A-T is due to a genetic defect that results in a defective serine/threonine protein kinase, known as ATM. Normally, ATM, plays a central role in protecting the genome against damage. It is increasingly evident that ATM protects cells against oxidative stress. This protein is also present outside the nucleus, where it is activated by oxidative stress through a separate mechanism from DNA damage, providing an explanation why anti-oxidants have a protective role in A-T cells in culture and in animal models. From these and other studies, it is evident that mitochondrial abnormalities characterise ATM and it has been suggested that A-T should be considered, at least in part, as a mitochondrial disease.

We have added substance to that claim by showing that ATM-deficient (B3) cells are exquisitely sensitive to inhibition of glycolysis by glucose deprivation, compared to controls (HBEC). We have also shown this increased sensitivity to nutrient deprivation for primary epithelial cells from patients and in immortalised patient cells. We demonstrated that this was caused by defective assembly of the VDAC1-GRP75-IP3R1 calcium channel and less ER-mitochondria contact points as determined by transmission electron microscopy. This in turn resulted in reduced calcium release from the ER and less transfer to mitochondria providing further evidence for mitochondrial dysfunction in A-T cells. We have recently completed a Phase 2A/B clinical trial exploring the efficacy and tolerability of C7 in AT patients (https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/NCT04513002).

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an essential cofactor for many cellular enzymes, including those involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and maintenance. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide exists in two forms, including an oxidized (NAD+) and a reduced (NADH) form, and plays a key role in intermediary metabolism, as obligatory partner in numerous oxidation/reduction reactions. The cellular pool of NAD+ and NADH is tightly regulated through a careful balance between its biosynthesis and its breakdown by NAD+-consuming enzymes. NAD+ deficiency plays a role in disease mechanisms underlying DNA repair disorders. Mitochondrial damage and NAD+ depletion are key features in ataxia telangiectasia.

ATM-deficient mice have neuronal NAD+ deficiency, in particular in the cerebellum.

Fang et al. have demonstrated that mitochondrial dysfunction in ATM deficiency is linked to NAD+/SIRT1 inhibition. NAD+ replenishment significantly extends lifespan and improves health span in both ATM worms and mice through mitophagy and DNA repair. Treatments that replenish intracellular NAD+ reduce the severity of A-T neuropathology, normalize neuromuscular function, delay memory loss, and extend lifespan in both animal models. Mechanistically, treatments that increase intracellular NAD+ also stimulate neuronal DNA repair and improve mitochondrial quality via mitophagy.

Immune deficiency is common in AT, with most patients have humoral and cellular immune defects comprising immunoglobulin-A deficiency, immunoglobulin-G2 and immunoglobulin-G deficiency, and lymphopenia with low numbers of total and naive CD4 T cells. About 10% of patients with classic ataxia-telangiectasia present with hypogammaglobulinaemia with normal or raised immunoglobulin-M levels and follow a severe disease course. Recognition of foreign or misplaced nucleic acids is one of the principal modes by which the immune system detects pathogenic entities. When cytosolic DNA is sensed, a signal is relayed via the cGAS-STING pathway.

ATM deficient cells display elevated levels of INF- induced proteins, a feature also reported in sera of A-T patients. A double knockout of ATM and STING genes in mice attenuated autoinflammatory phenotypes, which was further decreased when the cGAS gene is also deleted in these mice. Inhibition of the cGAS-STING pathway ameliorates the premature senescence phenotype in AT brain organoids. Similar inflammatory manifestations are seen in patients with STING-associated vasculopathy in infancy which is an autosomal dominant type 1 interferonopathy.

Two groups have explored Nicotinamide Riboside (NR) supplementation in small groups of A-T patients via single arm, open label access, proof-of-concept clinical trials. Both have demonstrated improvements in validated ataxia scales. Improvements in immunoglobulin-G (IgG) levels were observed, no alterations were noted in NFlc. Improvements were lost in the wash out period. NR was well tolerated with no reported adverse events.

This is a single arm open-label clinical trial in ataxia-telangiectasia to test the effects of nicotinamide riboside on ataxia scales, immune function, and neurofilament light chain.

Dose will be via oral capsule supplementation at 25mg/kg/day divided into 3 doses (max 300mgs 3 times per day). Dosing will occur via 3 equal doses 3 times a day.

Primary efficacy endpoint: Improvement of at least ½ standard deviation in key clinical scales which includes either; a) significant improvement in total combined scores from the SARA and ICARS scales, and /or b) significant improvements any aspects of the SARA and ICARS scales individually, especially pertaining to; Postural and gait improvements, Improved syllable speed and articulation, Improved fine motor skills.

Secondary endpoints include: Serum analysis of neurofilament light chain (Nfl). Type 1 Interferon (INFs) epigenetic signature specifically the cGAS-STING pathway.

Safety endpoints: Treatment-related adverse events, Routine haematology and biochemical analyses, Paediatric Epilepsy Side Effects Questionnaire (PESQ), Regular clinical assessments.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Estimated): 10
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: David Coman, MBBS FRACP; Phone Number: +610730681111; Email: david.coman@health.qld.gov.au

Study Locations

• Australia
  • Queensland
    • Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 4101
      • Queensland Children's Hospital
      • Contact: David Coman, MBBS FRACP; Phone Number: +610730681111; Email: david.coman@health.qld.gov.au

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Child; Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

Participants who meet all of the following criteria are eligible for enrolment:

• Patients of either sex, of any age, with a confirmed diagnosis of A-T,
• Patients who are able to undertake the study procedures,
• Families who are able to comply with the protocol for its duration and who provide informed patient assent and consent signed and dated by parent/legal guardian or adult participant according to local regulations.

Exclusion Criteria:

Participants who meet any of these criteria are not eligible for enrolment:

• Patients whose parents/legal guardians are not able to provide consent
• Patients who have been in another randomised clinical intervention trial where the use of investigational medicinal product within 3 months or 5 half-lives, whichever is longer, before study enrolment
• Taking off label mediations or nutritional supplements that the PI consider would impact participant's safe participation.
• Patients who are pregnant and/or lactating, planning a pregnancy during the study. Contraception must be used for sexually active male and female participants
• Liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase [ALT]/aspartate aminotransferase [AST]) or total bilirubin > 2 x the upper limit of normal at the time of screening.
• Renal insufficiency as defined by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 30 mL/min/1.73m2 at the screening visit.
• Any comorbid medical condition that in the assessment of the PI that would impact participant's safe participation (e.g. active cancer requiring treatment)
• Evidence of dysphagia that places subject at risk of aspiration if orally fed.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Health Services Research
• Allocation: N/A
• Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

1

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Other: Single arm (full group); Single arm, open-label. Dose will be via oral capsule supplementation Nicotinamide Riboside at 25mg/kg/day divided into 3 doses (max 300mgs 3 times per day). Dosing will occur via 3 equal doses 3 times a day for 12 months.	Drug: Nicotinamide riboside; Oral capsule Nicotinamide Riboside 25mg/kg/day divided into 3 equal doses

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Scales for assessment and rating of ataxia	Scales for assessment and rating of ataxia is a validated cerebellar ataxia tool, measuring gait (scale 0-8), stance (scale 0-6), sitting (scale 0-4), speech (scale 0-6), finger-chase test scale 0-4), finger nose-test (scale 0-4), fast alternating movements (scale 0-4) and heel-shin test (scale 0-4). 0 indicates normal function, escalating numbers in the scale domains indicate increased difficultly with the measured tasks.	4 monthly assessment over 12 months
International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale	International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale is a scale recorded out of 100 with 19 items and 4 sub-scales and has been used in A-T. 0 indicates normal function, escalating numbers in the scale domains indicate increased difficulty with the measured tasks.	4 monthly assessment over 12 months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Serum analysis of neurofilament light chain	Neurofilament light chain (Nfl) will be quantified using the single-molecule (Simoa) array method and the Simoa NF-light assay (Quanterix, MA, US) on an HD-1platform (GBIO). Levels of neurofilament light chain will be correlated with clinical endpoints.	12 months
Type 1 Interferon epigenetic signature	An IFN signature will be investigated by measuring six IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) by quantitative PCR (QPCR).	12 months

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Quality of Life Measures	Paediatric Side Effect Questionnaire is a 19-item measure consisting of five sub-scales: cognitive (six items), motor (four items), behavioural (three items), general neurological (four items), and weight (two items) side effects. The investigators will add five items for gastrointestinal side effects to the questionnaire, including gastrointestinal pain, acid reflux, vomiting, diarrhoea, and constipation. The scale will be recorded from 0 to 96. 0 indicates normal function, escalating numbers in the scale domains indicate increased difficultly with the measured task.	4 monthly assessment over 12 months

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: The University of Queensland
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: David Coman, MBBS FRACP, Queensland Children's Hospital

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Lautrup S, Sinclair DA, Mattson MP, Fang EF. NAD+ in Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Cell Metab. 2019 Oct 1;30(4):630-655. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.09.001.
• Airhart SE, Shireman LM, Risler LJ, Anderson GD, Nagana Gowda GA, Raftery D, Tian R, Shen DD, O'Brien KD. An open-label, non-randomized study of the pharmacokinetics of the nutritional supplement nicotinamide riboside (NR) and its effects on blood NAD+ levels in healthy volunteers. PLoS One. 2017 Dec 6;12(12):e0186459. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186459. eCollection 2017.
• Guo Z, Kozlov S, Lavin MF, Person MD, Paull TT. ATM activation by oxidative stress. Science. 2010 Oct 22;330(6003):517-21. doi: 10.1126/science.1192912.
• Fang EF, Kassahun H, Croteau DL, Scheibye-Knudsen M, Marosi K, Lu H, Shamanna RA, Kalyanasundaram S, Bollineni RC, Wilson MA, Iser WB, Wollman BN, Morevati M, Li J, Kerr JS, Lu Q, Waltz TB, Tian J, Sinclair DA, Mattson MP, Nilsen H, Bohr VA. NAD+ Replenishment Improves Lifespan and Healthspan in Ataxia Telangiectasia Models via Mitophagy and DNA Repair. Cell Metab. 2016 Oct 11;24(4):566-581. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.09.004.
• Nissenkorn A, Borgohain R, Micheli R, Leuzzi V, Hegde AU, Mridula KR, Molinaro A, D'Agnano D, Yareeda S, Ben-Zeev B. Development of global rating instruments for pediatric patients with ataxia telangiectasia. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2016 Jan;20(1):140-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2015.09.002. Epub 2015 Sep 25.
• Veenhuis SJG, van Os NJH, Janssen AJWM, van Gerven MHJC, Coene KLM, Engelke UFH, Wevers RA, Tinnevelt GH, Ter Heine R, van de Warrenburg BPC, Weemaes CMR, Roeleveld N, Willemsen MAAP. Nicotinamide Riboside Improves Ataxia Scores and Immunoglobulin Levels in Ataxia Telangiectasia. Mov Disord. 2021 Dec;36(12):2951-2957. doi: 10.1002/mds.28788. Epub 2021 Sep 13.
• Zannolli R, Buoni S, Betti G, Salvucci S, Plebani A, Soresina A, Pietrogrande MC, Martino S, Leuzzi V, Finocchi A, Micheli R, Rossi LN, Brusco A, Misiani F, Fois A, Hayek J, Kelly C, Chessa L. A randomized trial of oral betamethasone to reduce ataxia symptoms in ataxia telangiectasia. Mov Disord. 2012 Sep 1;27(10):1312-6. doi: 10.1002/mds.25126. Epub 2012 Aug 23.
• Woelke S, Pommerening H, Kieslich M, Schubert R, Zielen S. Growth hormone treatment in patients with ataxia telangiectasia. Growth Factors. 2017 Jun;35(2-3):125-130. doi: 10.1080/08977194.2017.1367681.
• Chessa L, Leuzzi V, Plebani A, Soresina A, Micheli R, D'Agnano D, Venturi T, Molinaro A, Fazzi E, Marini M, Ferremi Leali P, Quinti I, Cavaliere FM, Girelli G, Pietrogrande MC, Finocchi A, Tabolli S, Abeni D, Magnani M. Intra-erythrocyte infusion of dexamethasone reduces neurological symptoms in ataxia teleangiectasia patients: results of a phase 2 trial. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2014 Jan 9;9:5. doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-9-5.
• Chen P, Peng C, Luff J, Spring K, Watters D, Bottle S, Furuya S, Lavin MF. Oxidative stress is responsible for deficient survival and dendritogenesis in purkinje neurons from ataxia-telangiectasia mutated mutant mice. J Neurosci. 2003 Dec 10;23(36):11453-60. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-36-11453.2003.
• Paap BK, Roeske S, Durr A, Schols L, Ashizawa T, Boesch S, Bunn LM, Delatycki MB, Giunti P, Lehericy S, Mariotti C, Melegh J, Pandolfo M, Tallaksen CME, Timmann D, Tsuji S, Schulz JB, van de Warrenburg BP, Klockgether T. Standardized Assessment of Hereditary Ataxia Patients in Clinical Studies. Mov Disord Clin Pract. 2016 Feb 11;3(3):230-240. doi: 10.1002/mdc3.12315. eCollection 2016 May-Jun.
• Gueven N, Luff J, Peng C, Hosokawa K, Bottle SE, Lavin MF. Dramatic extension of tumor latency and correction of neurobehavioral phenotype in Atm-mutant mice with a nitroxide antioxidant. Free Radic Biol Med. 2006 Sep 15;41(6):992-1000. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2006.06.018. Epub 2006 Jul 4.
• Valentin-Vega YA, Maclean KH, Tait-Mulder J, Milasta S, Steeves M, Dorsey FC, Cleveland JL, Green DR, Kastan MB. Mitochondrial dysfunction in ataxia-telangiectasia. Blood. 2012 Feb 9;119(6):1490-500. doi: 10.1182/blood-2011-08-373639. Epub 2011 Dec 5.
• Yeo AJ, Chong KL, Gatei M, Zou D, Stewart R, Withey S, Wolvetang E, Parton RG, Brown AD, Kastan MB, Coman D, Lavin MF. Impaired endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial signaling in ataxia-telangiectasia. iScience. 2020 Dec 23;24(1):101972. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101972. eCollection 2021 Jan 22.
• Zapata-Perez R, Wanders RJA, van Karnebeek CDM, Houtkooper RH. NAD+ homeostasis in human health and disease. EMBO Mol Med. 2021 Jul 7;13(7):e13943. doi: 10.15252/emmm.202113943. Epub 2021 May 27.
• Subramanian GN, Yeo AJ, Gatei MH, Coman DJ, Lavin MF. Metabolic Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Ataxia-Telangiectasia. Antioxidants (Basel). 2022 Mar 28;11(4):653. doi: 10.3390/antiox11040653.
• Stern N, Hochman A, Zemach N, Weizman N, Hammel I, Shiloh Y, Rotman G, Barzilai A. Accumulation of DNA damage and reduced levels of nicotine adenine dinucleotide in the brains of Atm-deficient mice. J Biol Chem. 2002 Jan 4;277(1):602-8. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M106798200. Epub 2001 Oct 25.
• Yang B, Dan X, Hou Y, Lee JH, Wechter N, Krishnamurthy S, Kimura R, Babbar M, Demarest T, McDevitt R, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Mattson MP, Croteau DL, Bohr VA. NAD+ supplementation prevents STING-induced senescence in ataxia telangiectasia by improving mitophagy. Aging Cell. 2021 Apr;20(4):e13329. doi: 10.1111/acel.13329. Epub 2021 Mar 18.
• Aguado J, Chaggar HK, Gomez-Inclan C, Shaker MR, Leeson HC, Mackay-Sim A, Wolvetang EJ. Inhibition of the cGAS-STING pathway ameliorates the premature senescence hallmarks of Ataxia-Telangiectasia brain organoids. Aging Cell. 2021 Sep;20(9):e13468. doi: 10.1111/acel.13468. Epub 2021 Aug 30.
• Presterud R, Deng WH, Wennerstrom AB, Burgers T, Gajera B, Mattsson K, Solberg A, Fang EF, Nieminen AI, Stray-Pedersen A, Nilsen H. Long-Term Nicotinamide Riboside Use Improves Coordination and Eye Movements in Ataxia Telangiectasia. Mov Disord. 2024 Feb;39(2):360-369. doi: 10.1002/mds.29645. Epub 2023 Oct 29.
• van Os NJH, Jansen AFM, van Deuren M, Haraldsson A, van Driel NTM, Etzioni A, van der Flier M, Haaxma CA, Morio T, Rawat A, Schoenaker MHD, Soresina A, Taylor AMR, van de Warrenburg BPC, Weemaes CMR, Roeleveld N, Willemsen MAAP. Ataxia-telangiectasia: Immunodeficiency and survival. Clin Immunol. 2017 May;178:45-55. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.01.009. Epub 2017 Jan 24.
• Kim J, Gupta R, Blanco LP, Yang S, Shteinfer-Kuzmine A, Wang K, Zhu J, Yoon HE, Wang X, Kerkhofs M, Kang H, Brown AL, Park SJ, Xu X, Zandee van Rilland E, Kim MK, Cohen JI, Kaplan MJ, Shoshan-Barmatz V, Chung JH. VDAC oligomers form mitochondrial pores to release mtDNA fragments and promote lupus-like disease. Science. 2019 Dec 20;366(6472):1531-1536. doi: 10.1126/science.aav4011. Epub 2019 Dec 19.
• Gul E, Sayar EH, Gungor B, Eroglu FK, Surucu N, Keles S, Guner SN, Findik S, Alpdundar E, Ayanoglu IC, Kayaoglu B, Geckin BN, Sanli HA, Kahraman T, Yakicier C, Muftuoglu M, Oguz B, Cagdas Ayvaz DN, Gursel I, Ozen S, Reisli I, Gursel M. Type I IFN-related NETosis in ataxia telangiectasia and Artemis deficiency. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018 Jul;142(1):246-257. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.10.030. Epub 2017 Nov 16.
• Siddoo-Atwal C, Haas AL, Rosin MP. Elevation of interferon beta-inducible proteins in ataxia telangiectasia cells. Cancer Res. 1996 Feb 1;56(3):443-7.
• Hartlova A, Erttmann SF, Raffi FA, Schmalz AM, Resch U, Anugula S, Lienenklaus S, Nilsson LM, Kroger A, Nilsson JA, Ek T, Weiss S, Gekara NO. DNA damage primes the type I interferon system via the cytosolic DNA sensor STING to promote anti-microbial innate immunity. Immunity. 2015 Feb 17;42(2):332-343. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.01.012.
• Song X, Ma F, Herrup K. Accumulation of Cytoplasmic DNA Due to ATM Deficiency Activates the Microglial Viral Response System with Neurotoxic Consequences. J Neurosci. 2019 Aug 7;39(32):6378-6394. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0774-19.2019. Epub 2019 Jun 12.
• Paul BD, Snyder SH, Bohr VA. Signaling by cGAS-STING in Neurodegeneration, Neuroinflammation, and Aging. Trends Neurosci. 2021 Feb;44(2):83-96. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2020.10.008. Epub 2020 Nov 10.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Estimated): May 1, 2024
• Primary Completion (Estimated): October 30, 2025
• Study Completion (Estimated): October 30, 2025

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: March 15, 2024
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 15, 2024
• First Posted (Actual): March 22, 2024

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): April 18, 2024
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 16, 2024
• Last Verified: February 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Immune System Diseases; Vascular Diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases; Nervous System Diseases; Central Nervous System Diseases; Genetic Diseases, Inborn; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes; Neurologic Manifestations; Brain Diseases; Metabolic Diseases; Cerebellar Ataxia; Ataxia; Dyskinesias; Spinocerebellar Ataxias; Cerebellar Diseases; Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases; Ataxia Telangiectasia; DNA Repair-Deficiency Disorders; Neurocutaneous Syndromes; Telangiectasis
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Cardiovascular Diseases; Vascular Diseases; Metabolic Diseases; Brain Diseases; Central Nervous System Diseases; Nervous System Diseases; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes; Immune System Diseases; Neurologic Manifestations; Genetic Diseases, Inborn; Dyskinesias; DNA Repair-Deficiency Disorders; Neurocutaneous Syndromes; Cerebellar Diseases; Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases; Spinocerebellar Ataxias; Ataxia; Telangiectasis; Cerebellar Ataxia; Ataxia Telangiectasia; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Vasodilator Agents; Antimetabolites; Micronutrients; Hypolipidemic Agents; Lipid Regulating Agents; Vitamins; Vitamin B Complex; Nicotinic Acids; Niacinamide; Niacin
• Other Study ID Numbers: HREC/24/QCHQ/106030

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No