MBSR and NLP, Postpartum Breastfeeding and Depression (postpartum)

October 30, 2026 updated by: Aysegul Kilicli

the Effect of MBSR and NLP Applications on Fatigue, Sleep Quality, Lactation and Postpartum Depression in the Postpartum Period After Caesarean Section

The postnatal period is a risky period in which mothers experience regressive and progressive changes and rapid biopsychosocial changes. Since this process affects not only the mother but also the family, mothers are under intense stress due to adaptation to the changes that occur in this period.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

The postnatal period is a risky period in which retrogressive and progressive changes and rapid biopsychosocial changes occur in mothers. Since this process affects not only the mother but also the family, mothers are under intense stress due to adaptation to the changes occurring in this period. Studies have reported that the most common physical problems in the early postpartum period after caesarean section are pain in the incision area, difficulty in caring for the baby alone, activity intolerance, fatigue, insomnia, breastfeeding problems (such as nipple or lack of milk), mastitis and abdominal tension/gas. As important as it is to reduce postpartum symptoms after caesarean section, it is also important to support and maintain breastfeeding. However, postpartum symptoms such as pain, fatigue and negative effects of anaesthesia after caesarean section negatively affect the breastfeeding process and lead to a delay in the onset of lactation.

When the literature was examined, no study was found that examined the effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction programme and neurolinguistic programme on fatigue, sleep quality, lactation and depression in the postpartum long term.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

90

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Turkey (Türkiye)
    • Eyalet/Yerleşke
      • Sanliurfa, Eyalet/Yerleşke, Turkey (Türkiye), 63000
        • Şanlıurfa training and research hospital

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

19 years to 35 years (Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Genders Eligible for Study

Female

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • 19-35 years old
  • caesarean section
  • primiparous
  • breastfeeding women

Exclusion Criteria:

  • women who refused to participate in the research.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Other
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Mindfulness-based stress reduction program

MBSR; Mindfulness-based stress reduction program. 8 weeks of practice once a week for 20 minutes each. Mindfulness-based stress reduction practices will be carried out online. Mothers will actively participate.
Behavioral: MBSR

20 minutes once a week for 8 weeks

Other Names:
  • MBSR mindfulness-based stress reduction program
Experimental: Neurolinguistic programming

NLP; Neurolinguistic programming 8 weeks of practice once a week for 20 minutes each. Neurolinguistic programming will be carried out online. Mothers will actively participate.
Behavioral: NLP

NLP Neurolinguistic programming, 20 minutes once a week for 8 weeks

Other Names:
  • NLP Neurolinguistic programming
Experimental: control

control; MBSR and NLP applications will not be performed. Mothers will be monitored online every week.
Behavioral: control

control group, no practice,

Other Names:
  • control group

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Visual Analogue Scale for Fatigue (VAS-F)
Time Frame: before the first application

Visual Analogue Scale for Fatigue (VAS-F), The most positive expression of the fatigue sub-dimension is 0 and the most negative expression is 10, the most negative expression of the energy sub-dimension is 0 and the most positive expression is 10.
before the first application
Visual Analogue Scale for Fatigue (VAS-F)
Time Frame: Week 4, following the intervention administered on that day

Visual Analogue Scale for Fatigue (VAS-F) The most positive expression of the fatigue sub-dimension is 0 and the most negative expression is 10, the most negative expression of the energy sub-dimension is 0 and the most positive expression is 10.
Week 4, following the intervention administered on that day
Visual Analogue Scale for Fatigue (VAS-F)
Time Frame: Week 8, following the final intervention

Visual Analogue Scale for Fatigue (VAS-F) The most positive expression of the fatigue sub-dimension is 0 and the most negative expression is 10, the most negative expression of the energy sub-dimension is 0 and the most positive expression is 10.
Week 8, following the final intervention
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)
Time Frame: before the first application

Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) Each item is evaluated as 0-3 points and the sum of the 7 subcomponents constitutes the PDQI score. The lowest score of the scale is 0 and the highest score is 21. A total PDQI score of ≤5 indicates good sleep and >5 indicates poor sleep.
before the first application
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)
Time Frame: week 4, following the intervention administered on that day

Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) Each item is evaluated as 0-3 points and the sum of the 7 subcomponents constitutes the PDQI score. The lowest score of the scale is 0 and the highest score is 21. A total PDQI score of ≤5 indicates good sleep and >5 indicates poor sleep.
week 4, following the intervention administered on that day
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)
Time Frame: week 8, , following the final intervention

Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) Each item is evaluated as 0-3 points and the sum of the 7 subcomponents constitutes the PDQI score. The lowest score of the scale is 0 and the highest score is 21. A total PDQI score of ≤5 indicates good sleep and >5 indicates poor sleep.
week 8, , following the final intervention
Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS)
Time Frame: before the first application

Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) The scale is a 4-point Likert-type scale consisting of 10 items. Responses consisting of four options are scored between 0 and 3. A minimum of 0 and a maximum of 30 points can be obtained from the scale. The cut-off point of the scale is 13 points and above for women and 10 points and above for men, and above this point indicates the presence of depression.
before the first application
Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS)
Time Frame: week 4, following the intervention administered on that day

Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) The scale is a 4-point Likert-type scale consisting of 10 items. Responses consisting of four options are scored between 0 and 3. A minimum of 0 and a maximum of 30 points can be obtained from the scale. The cut-off point of the scale is 13 points and above for women and 10 points and above for men, and above this point indicates the presence of depression.
week 4, following the intervention administered on that day
Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS)
Time Frame: week 8, following the final intervention

Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) The scale is a 4-point Likert-type scale consisting of 10 items. Responses consisting of four options are scored between 0 and 3. A minimum of 0 and a maximum of 30 points can be obtained from the scale. The cut-off point of the scale is 13 points and above for women and 10 points and above for men, and above this point indicates the presence of depression.
week 8, following the final intervention
Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale (BSES)
Time Frame: before the first application

Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale (BSES) The scale consists of 14 items, five-point Likert type. The items of the scale are evaluated on a scale from '1=never sure' to 5=always sure'. A minimum of 14 points and a maximum of 70 points can be obtained from the scale. All items are positive. The higher the score obtained from the scale, the higher the breastfeeding self-efficacy.
before the first application
Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale (BSES)
Time Frame: week 4, following the intervention administered on that day

Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale (BSES) The scale consists of 14 items, five-point Likert type. The items of the scale are evaluated on a scale from '1=never sure' to 5=always sure'. A minimum of 14 points and a maximum of 70 points can be obtained from the scale. All items are positive. The higher the score obtained from the scale, the higher the breastfeeding self-efficacy.
week 4, following the intervention administered on that day
Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale (BSES)
Time Frame: week 8, following the final intervention

Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale (BSES) The scale consists of 14 items, five-point Likert type. The items of the scale are evaluated on a scale from '1=never sure' to 5=always sure'. A minimum of 14 points and a maximum of 70 points can be obtained from the scale. All items are positive. The higher the score obtained from the scale, the higher the breastfeeding self-efficacy.
week 8, following the final intervention
Exclusive breastfeeding status
Time Frame: before the first application

Exclusive breastfeeding status (yes or no)
before the first application
Exclusive breastfeeding status
Time Frame: week 4, following the intervention administered on that day

Exclusive breastfeeding status (yes or no)
week 4, following the intervention administered on that day
Exclusive breastfeeding status
Time Frame: week 8, following the final intervention

Exclusive breastfeeding status (yes or no)
week 8, following the final intervention

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Aysegul Kilicli

Investigators

  • Study Director: AYŞEGÜL KILIÇLI, Dr., Muş Alparslan University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

October 8, 2024

Primary Completion (Actual)

February 1, 2025

Study Completion (Actual)

February 1, 2025

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

October 3, 2024

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

October 3, 2024

First Posted (Actual)

October 8, 2024

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

November 3, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

October 30, 2026

Last Verified

October 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • Mauniv

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

YES

IPD Plan Description

All

IPD Sharing Time Frame

8 October 2024 - 30 October 2025

IPD Sharing Access Criteria

8 October 2024 - 30 October 2025

IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type

  • STUDY_PROTOCOL
  • SAP
  • ICF
  • ANALYTIC_CODE
  • CSR

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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