Foot Core Exercise Training With Telerehabilitation

March 17, 2026 updated by: Zülal TATAR, Pamukkale University

Investigation of the Effectiveness of Foot Core Exercise Training With Telerehabilitation in Individuals With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Randomized Controlled Single-Blind Study

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of lower extremity exercises combined with foot core exercise training on lower extremity pain, foot functionality, static and dynamic parameters of gait, and postural stability in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis using synchronous and asynchronous telerehabilitation methods.

Study Overview

Status

Suspended

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

18

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Having been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis
  • Being between the ages of 18-65
  • Being willing to participate in the study

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Having a neurological disease
  • Having a pulmonary or cardiovascular problem that may affect daily life activities
  • Sensory system disorders
  • Having a history of surgery on the lower extremities or trunk
  • Experiencing dizziness
  • Having a cognitive disorder
  • Having an additional rheumatic disease

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Asynchronous telerehabilitation group
Other: Asynchronous exercise group
Application of foot core training combined with lower extremity exercises using asynchronous telerehabilitation method.
Active Comparator: Synchronous telerehabilitation group
Other: Synchronous exercise group
Application of foot core training combined with lower extremity exercises using synchronous telerehabilitation method.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Foot Posture Index
Time Frame: Evaluations started immediately after receiving ethics committee approval and will be completed within 6 months, which is the study period.
It is a six-item index that determines foot posture. In this index, palpation of the distal talus medially and laterally, inequality in submalleolar and supramalleolar recesses, position of the calcaneus, medial protrusion of the navicular region in posterior observation, evaluation of the medial longitudinal arch, and the number of toes visible medially or laterally when viewed from the posterior will be evaluated. The examined regions are evaluated for each item up to (+2) according to the degree of pronation and up to (-2) according to the degree of supination, and the total score is obtained by summing these values.
Evaluations started immediately after receiving ethics committee approval and will be completed within 6 months, which is the study period.
Static Gait Analysis Evaluation
Time Frame: Evaluations started immediately after receiving ethics committee approval and will be completed within 6 months, which is the study period.
The evaluation will be made in a position where individuals stand with their arms free at their sides, their eyes fixed on a point 3 meters away in front, maintaining their posture as much as possible. In the static posture evaluation, the load on the right and left feet, and the right-left contact surface data will be evaluated and recorded. This parameter will be evaluated with the MultiSensor Platform 160 × 40 baropodometer device.
Evaluations started immediately after receiving ethics committee approval and will be completed within 6 months, which is the study period.
Dynamic Gait Analysis Evaluation
Time Frame: Evaluations started immediately after receiving ethics committee approval and will be completed within 6 months, which is the study period.
Individuals will be asked to walk at a speed they feel comfortable with, at least 8 steps on a 5-meter walking platform (3-meter platform and 2-meter walking analysis platform). The evaluation will be repeated 3 times. From the two-meter walking analysis 17 platform; left-right foot pressure percentage and left-right contact surfaces during walking will be obtained numerically and graphically. This parameter will be evaluated with the MultiSensor Platform 160 × 40 baropodometer device.
Evaluations started immediately after receiving ethics committee approval and will be completed within 6 months, which is the study period.
Postural Stability Assessment
Time Frame: Evaluations started immediately after receiving ethics committee approval and will be completed within 6 months, which is the study period.
Individuals will be asked to place their feet on the soles before measurements are taken, and the foot position of the individuals will not change during static measurements. For static load distribution measurement and bipedal balance measurement, individuals will be asked to keep their arms free next to their bodies and maintain their posture as much as possible by fixing their eyes on a point 3 meters in front. The measurement will be made with and without support, with eyes open and closed for 60 seconds. This parameter will be evaluated with the MultiSensor Platform 160 × 40 baropodometer device.
Evaluations started immediately after receiving ethics committee approval and will be completed within 6 months, which is the study period.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Visual Analog Scale-Pain
Time Frame: Evaluations started immediately after receiving ethics committee approval and will be completed within 6 months, which is the study period.
Individuals' lower extremity and foot pain severity will be assessed using the Visual Analog Scale. Visual Analog Scale consisting of a single 100 mm line, used especially for pain assessment. The level of perceived negativity of the symptom increases as you move from left to right of the line. Individuals will be asked to make a mark on a horizontal or vertical line of 10 cm in length, starting with "I have no pain" and ending with "I have unbearable pain", where the severity of their pain will intersect this line. The distance from the lowest VAS level to the patient's mark will be measured with a ruler and recorded in centimeters.
Evaluations started immediately after receiving ethics committee approval and will be completed within 6 months, which is the study period.
Foot Function Index
Time Frame: Evaluations started immediately after receiving ethics committee approval and will be completed within 6 months, which is the study period.
The foot function index consists of 23 items with 3 subgroups: pain, disability and activity limitation. The pain subscale, which includes nine items, measures the level of foot pain in various situations, while the disability subscale, which includes nine items, determines the degree of difficulty in performing various functional activities due to foot problems. The activity limitation subscale, which includes five items, evaluates activity limitations due to foot problems. Patients score all items with the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), considering their foot conditions from the previous week. To calculate the subscales and the total score, the scores of each item are added, divided by the sum of the maximum scores of the items and multiplied by 100. Higher scores indicate more pain, disability and activity limitation. If the patient does not perform activities such as walking barefoot or using an orthosis, this item can be marked as not applicable and removed.
Evaluations started immediately after receiving ethics committee approval and will be completed within 6 months, which is the study period.

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Pamukkale University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Estimated)

September 24, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

May 24, 2027

Study Completion (Estimated)

July 24, 2027

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

October 24, 2024

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

October 30, 2024

First Posted (Actual)

October 31, 2024

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

March 19, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

March 17, 2026

Last Verified

March 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • Foot Core Exercise Training

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

Clinical Trials on Rheumatoid Arthritis

Clinical Trials on Asynchronous exercise group

Search Similar Trials

Sponsors and Collaborators

Medical Conditions

Drug Interventions

CROs by country

CROs in Ghana

Conditions

Rare Diseases

Drug Interventions

Dietary Supplements

Sponsor/Collaborators

Locations

Subscribe