Open vs. Closed Kinetic Chain Exercises in Sedentary Individuals

Comparison of the Effects of Open Kinetic Chain and Closed Kinetic Chain Exercises on Balance and Vertical Jump Performance in Sedentary Individuals

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of Open Kinetic Chain (OKC) and Closed Kinetic Chain (CKC) exercises on dynamic balance, static balance, and vertical jump performance in sedentary individuals.

A total of 68 sedentary individuals voluntarily participated in this randomized controlled trial and were allocated into three groups: OKC, CKC, and a control group. Exercise programs were administered to the OKC and CKC groups for four weeks. Assessments were conducted before and after the exercise intervention. Dynamic balance was evaluated using the Y Balance Test (YBT), static balance using the Flamingo Balance Test (FBT), and vertical jump performance (VJP) using the MyJump2 mobile application.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Exercise Training; Sedentary Behavior
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Open Kinetic Chain Exercise Program; Other: Closed Kinetic Chain Exercise Program

Detailed Description

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of Open Kinetic Chain (OKC) and Closed Kinetic Chain (CKC) exercises on dynamic balance, static balance, and vertical jump performance in sedentary individuals.

Methods: A total of 68 sedentary individuals voluntarily participated in this randomized controlled trial and were allocated into three groups: OKC, CKC, and a control group. Exercise programs were administered to the OKC and CKC groups for four weeks. Assessments were conducted before and after the exercise intervention. Dynamic balance was evaluated using the Y Balance Test (YBT), static balance using the Flamingo Balance Test (FBT), and vertical jump performance (VJP) using the MyJump2 mobile application. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the paired-samples t-test.

Keywords: Y Balance Test, Flamingo Balance Test, Vertical Jump Performance, Explosive Power, MyJump2

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 68
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Turkey (Türkiye)
  • Ankara, Turkey (Türkiye)
    • Lokman Hekim University

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Having a sedentary behavior (Daily average step count less than 5000 in a smartphone application for the last 3 months) [9].
• Being between 18-30 years of age.
• Having no known health problems.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Individuals with chronic diseases.
• Individuals who exercised regularly in the last 6 months.
• Individuals who underwent surgical operations in the last 6 months.

Withdrawal Criteria:

• Individuals who could not comply with the exercise program.
• Individuals who experienced health problems preventing them from exercising.
• Individuals who took a break from the exercise program for more than 5 days.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Open Kinetic Chain (OKC) Group; Participants were divided into three groups using stratified randomization: OKC Group (n = 22),	Other: Open Kinetic Chain Exercise Program; Exercise Intervention
Experimental: Closed Kinetic Chain (CKC) Group; Participants were divided into three groups using stratified randomization: CKC Group (n = 22),	Other: Closed Kinetic Chain Exercise Program; Exercise Intervention
No Intervention: Control Group; Participants were divided into three groups using stratified randomization: Control Group (n = 24),

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Dynamic Balance	Dynamic balance performance was assessed using the highly reliable Y Balance Test (YBT). This test has no minimum or maximum values. Higher scores indicate better dynamic stability..	4 weeks
Static Balance	Static balance performance was assessed using the validated and reliable Flamingo Balance Test (FBT). This test has no minimum or maximum values. Higher scores indicate worse static balance.	4 weeks
Vertical Jump Performance (VJP)	VJP assessment was performed using the MyJump2 mobile application, which has a validity rate of 99.3% when compared to force platforms. The minimum score for this test is 0, and there is no maximum score. Higher scores indicate better vertical jump/plyometric performance.	4 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Lokman Hekim University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): November 1, 2024
• Primary Completion (Actual): December 2, 2024
• Study Completion (Actual): February 28, 2025

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: January 3, 2026
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 12, 2026
• First Posted (Actual): January 21, 2026

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): January 21, 2026
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 12, 2026
• Last Verified: January 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Behavior; Sedentary Behavior
• Other Study ID Numbers: 141/2024

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No