The Effect of Inspiratory Muscle Warm-up

April 18, 2026 updated by: FİLİZ EYÜBOĞLU, Uskudar University

The Effect of Inspiratory Muscle Warm-up Protocols on Volleyball Players

The purpose of this clinical study is to find out whether inspiratory muscle warm-up protocols are effective in volleyball athletes. The basic question it aims to answer is:

Are inspiratory muscle warm-up protocols effective on performance in volleyball athletes?

Researchers will compare different load intensities to determine the effect of optimal inspiratory muscle warm-up protocols. Participants will:

Visit the research center at specific intervals for the application of protocols of different intensities.

Participate in pre- and post-application evaluations.

Study Overview

Status

Enrolling by invitation

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

This study aims to investigate the effects of inspiratory muscle warm-up (IMW) protocols performed at different load intensities on performance outcomes in volleyball athletes. Inspiratory muscle warm-up has been suggested to enhance respiratory muscle function, potentially improving exercise performance; however, the optimal load intensity for maximizing these effects in volleyball players remains unclear.

In this study, participants will be exposed to inspiratory muscle warm-up protocols at varying intensities to determine the most effective protocol. The protocols will be applied at different sessions with appropriate rest intervals between applications to minimize carryover effects.

Before and after each protocol application, participants will undergo a series of performance assessments. These evaluations are expected to include measures related to physical performance relevant to volleyball, such as functional capacity, respiratory parameters, and/or sport-specific performance outcomes.

The primary objective of this study is to compare the acute effects of different inspiratory muscle warm-up intensities on performance in volleyball athletes and to identify the optimal loading protocol. The findings of this study may contribute to the development of evidence-based warm-up strategies aimed at enhancing athletic performance in volleyball players.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

24

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Turkey (Türkiye)
    • Ümraniye
      • Istanbul, Ümraniye, Turkey (Türkiye), 34768
        • Uskudar University Research Center

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Child
  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Ages 13-20
  • Having played volleyball for at least 2 years
  • Training at least 8-10 hours a week
  • Patients who provide verbal and written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Having sustained an injury or undergone surgery in the upper or lower extremities
  • Having had a lung or upper respiratory tract infection two weeks prior to the study
  • Having a chronic respiratory condition

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
  • Masking: Triple

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Low-Intensity Inspiratory Muscle Warm-Up
Participants will perform an inspiratory muscle warm-up protocol using the inspiratory muscle training device. The protocol will be applied at a low intensity corresponding to a predetermined percentage of maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP).
Other: Inspiratory Muscle Warm-Up
Participants will perform inspiratory muscle warm-up protocols using the inspiratory muscle training device. The protocols will be applied at different intensity levels, including low, moderate, and high loads, as well as a no-load (sham) condition. Each protocol will be performed in separate sessions, and the order of application will be randomized. During each session, participants will complete a standardized inspiratory breathing procedure under supervision to ensure proper technique and consistency. This design will allow comparison of the acute effects of different inspiratory muscle warm-up intensities on performance outcomes.
Experimental: Moderate-Intensity Inspiratory Muscle Warm-Up
Participants will perform an inspiratory muscle warm-up protocol using the inspiratory muscle training device. The protocol will be applied at a moderate intensity corresponding to a predetermined percentage of maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP).
Other: Inspiratory Muscle Warm-Up
Participants will perform inspiratory muscle warm-up protocols using the inspiratory muscle training device. The protocols will be applied at different intensity levels, including low, moderate, and high loads, as well as a no-load (sham) condition. Each protocol will be performed in separate sessions, and the order of application will be randomized. During each session, participants will complete a standardized inspiratory breathing procedure under supervision to ensure proper technique and consistency. This design will allow comparison of the acute effects of different inspiratory muscle warm-up intensities on performance outcomes.
Experimental: High-Intensity Inspiratory Muscle Warm-Up
Participants will perform an inspiratory muscle warm-up protocol using the inspiratory muscle training device. The protocol will be applied at a high intensity corresponding to a predetermined percentage of maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP).
Other: Inspiratory Muscle Warm-Up
Participants will perform inspiratory muscle warm-up protocols using the inspiratory muscle training device. The protocols will be applied at different intensity levels, including low, moderate, and high loads, as well as a no-load (sham) condition. Each protocol will be performed in separate sessions, and the order of application will be randomized. During each session, participants will complete a standardized inspiratory breathing procedure under supervision to ensure proper technique and consistency. This design will allow comparison of the acute effects of different inspiratory muscle warm-up intensities on performance outcomes.
Sham Comparator: Control group
Participants will perform an inspiratory breathing protocol using the inspiratory muscle training device with no external resistance applied.
Other: Inspiratory Muscle Warm-Up
Participants will perform inspiratory muscle warm-up protocols using the inspiratory muscle training device. The protocols will be applied at different intensity levels, including low, moderate, and high loads, as well as a no-load (sham) condition. Each protocol will be performed in separate sessions, and the order of application will be randomized. During each session, participants will complete a standardized inspiratory breathing procedure under supervision to ensure proper technique and consistency. This design will allow comparison of the acute effects of different inspiratory muscle warm-up intensities on performance outcomes.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Counter Movement Jump (CMJ) Tes
Time Frame: Pre-intervention and immediately post-intervention at each session
The CMJ test is a reliable test that measures an athlete's lower extremity strength and jumping performance. The CMJ test is performed by rapidly squatting down from the knees and jumping vertically with the knees fully extended and the torso in an upright position.
Pre-intervention and immediately post-intervention at each session
muscle oxygenation
Time Frame: Pre-intervention and immediately post-intervention at each session
Muscle oxygenation will be assessed using a MOXY Monitor during the testing sessions. Changes in muscle oxygen saturation (SmO₂) will be recorded before and after the inspiratory muscle warm-up protocols to evaluate the acute effects of different intensity levels. This outcome will be used to compare the physiological responses associated with each protocol.
Pre-intervention and immediately post-intervention at each session

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
S-indeks
Time Frame: Pre-intervention and immediately post-intervention at each session
Inspiratory muscle strength will be assessed using the S-Index parameter obtained from the inspiratory muscle training device. Measurements will be performed before and after each inspiratory muscle warm-up protocol to evaluate the acute effects of different intensity levels. The S-Index values will be used to compare inspiratory muscle performance across conditions.
Pre-intervention and immediately post-intervention at each session

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Uskudar University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Estimated)

April 20, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

April 25, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

May 1, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

April 10, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

April 18, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

April 24, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

April 24, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

April 18, 2026

Last Verified

April 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

  • FIMT2025

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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