The Effect of Volleyball-Specific Injury Prevention Program on Dynamic Balance and Postural Stability in Young Male Volleyball Players; Randomized Controlled Trial

January 12, 2026 updated by: Salih PINAR, Fenerbahce University

THE EFFECT OF VOLLEYBALL-SPECIFIC INJURY PREVENTION PROGRAM ON DYNAMIC BALANCE AND POSTURAL STABILITY IN YOUNG MALE VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of a 12-week volleyball-specific warm-up program (VOLLEY12+) on neuromuscular performance in young male volleyball players. Neuromuscular performance is an important factor related to injury risk and athletic performance in youth sports.

Twenty-four male volleyball players aged 15 to 17 years were allocated into an intervention group or a control group. The intervention group performed the VOLLEY12+ warm-up program before each training session for 12 weeks, while the control group continued their usual coach-led warm-up routines. Neuromuscular performance was assessed before and after the intervention using balance and movement control tests, including the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS), the Landing Error Scoring System (LESS), and the Y Balance Test.

The results of this study will help determine whether a structured, sport-specific warm-up program can improve neuromuscular performance in adolescent volleyball players and support the use of injury prevention strategies in youth volleyball training.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

24

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Turkey (Türkiye)
    • Istanbul
      • Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey (Türkiye)
        • Fenerbahçe Sports Club - Dereağzı Facilities, Volleyball Hall

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Child

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Male volleyball players aged 15-17 years
  • At least 3 years of volleyball training experience
  • Regular volleyball training ≥3 days per week, ≥60 minutes per session
  • No history of chronic or recurrent injury
  • Voluntary participation with informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Injury occurring during the study period
  • Voluntary withdrawal from the study
  • Inability to continue participation due to injury during the research process

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Prevention
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: VOLLEY12+ Group
Participants performed a progressive volleyball-specific neuromuscular warm-up program (VOLLEY 12+) before each training session for 12 weeks. The program lasted 16-20 minutes and included dynamic mobility, balance, landing mechanics, trunk and hip control, and shoulder activation exercises.
Other: VOLLEY12+ Volleyball-Specific Warm-Up Program
A progressive volleyball-specific neuromuscular warm-up program (VOLLEY12+) performed before regular training sessions over a 12-week period. The program was designed to enhance dynamic balance, neuromuscular control, and landing mechanics by targeting the ankle, knee, hip, and shoulder regions. Exercises were progressively overloaded using changes in volume, distance, and external resistance, and the total duration of each session was approximately 16-20 minutes.
Active Comparator: Control Group
Participants performed their usual coach-led warm-up routines before each training session for 12 weeks. The routine included low-intensity jogging, dynamic mobility and stretching exercises, and volleyball-specific ball-handling activities, without any structured neuromuscular or injury-prevention content.
Other: Regular Coach-Led Volleyball Warm-Up
Participants performed their usual coach-led warm-up routine prior to volleyball training. This routine consisted of low-intensity jogging, dynamic mobility, and stretching exercises, followed by basic volleyball-specific ball-handling drills. No structured injury-prevention or neuromuscular training components were included, and the content was not modified by the research team.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Static Balance Performance Assessed by the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS)
Time Frame: Baseline and after 12 weeks
Static balance performance was assessed using the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS). Participants performed double-leg, single-leg, and tandem stances on firm and foam surfaces. Each stance was held for 20 seconds, and balance errors were recorded by a blinded assessor. Total error scores were calculated at baseline (pre-intervention) and after the 12-week intervention period.
Baseline and after 12 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Fenerbahce University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

March 1, 2023

Primary Completion (Actual)

June 5, 2023

Study Completion (Actual)

June 5, 2023

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

January 12, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

January 12, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

January 20, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

January 20, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

January 12, 2026

Last Verified

January 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 57.2023FBU

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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