- ICH GCP
- US Clinical Trials Registry
- Clinical Trial NCT04655534
The Effect of Inspiratory Muscle Warm-Up in Patients With COPD
The Effect of Inspiratory Muscle Warm-Up Prior to Inspiratory Muscle Training in Addition to Exercise Training in Patients With COPD
Study Overview
Status
Conditions
Detailed Description
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease that leads to increased morbidity and mortality with severe pulmonary complications. The Global Burden of Disease studies have estimated that COPD is the third leading cause of death worldwide. The effects of COPD are not only limited to the lungs but also affects other organs and systems, causing loss of strength in the respiratory and peripheral muscles, which leading to a decreased capacity for exercise. Respiratory muscles are the skeletal muscles that can be trained based on the principles of exercise just like peripheral muscles. It is known that while doing exercise training in peripheral muscles, more muscle performance can be achieved by warming up those muscles before the loading phase. In this study, it is aimed to investigate the effect of inspiratory muscle warm-up (IMW) performed before inspiratory muscle training (IMT) in addition to general exercise training on respiratory functions, respiratory muscle strength, exercise capacity, perceived dyspnea intensity and health-related quality of life in patients with COPD.
Participants were randomly divided into two groups as the study group (IMW Group) and the control group (Standard IMT Group). The Standard IMT Group performed only IMT, while the IMW Group performed an IMW protocol for warming the inspiratory muscles before each IMT session. The IMT and IMW were applied using a threshold pressure loading device. The IMT applied as 30 breath repetitions at 60% of the maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP). The intensity of MIP adjusts by two weekly MIP measurements. The protocol of IMW consists of 2 sets of 30 breaths at 40% of MIP, with 1 min rest between sets, using a threshold inspiratory muscle trainer. Then the respiratory exercises and aerobic exercise program performed in both groups in each session. Aerobic exercise program; After 5 min of general body warming, applied 20 min with a load of 4-6 according to the modified Borg scale on the treadmill, finished with 5 min whole body cool-down. All program applied to 3 days a week for 8 weeks under the supervision of a physiotherapist and other days of the week without a supervisor. Demographic features questioned and recorded in the data recording form through a mutual interview in patients who meet the inclusion criteria. All patients evaluated before treatment and after treatment.
Study Type
Enrollment (Actual)
Phase
- Not Applicable
Contacts and Locations
Study Locations
-
-
Balçova
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İzmir, Balçova, Turkey, 35330
- Dokuz Eylül University
-
-
Participation Criteria
Eligibility Criteria
Ages Eligible for Study
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Genders Eligible for Study
Description
Inclusion Criteria:
- Diagnosing COPD in accordance with Global initiative for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (GOLD) guideline criteria
- Having a Maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) less than 60 cmH2O
- Aged between 45 and 70 years
- Independent mobilization
- Volunteering to research
- Stable clinical condition (same medication routine without taking any antibiotics for the last 3 weeks and/or no acute exacerbation in the last 3 months)
Exclusion Criteria:
- Not quitting smoking
- A previous pneumonectomy or lobectomy operation.
- Pneumonia in the last 3 months.
- Any pulmonary infection during the study.
- Requirement for supplemental oxygen therapy
- Orthopaedic or neurological conditions effecting the ability to exercise
Study Plan
How is the study designed?
Design Details
- Primary Purpose: Treatment
- Allocation: Randomized
- Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
- Masking: Double
Arms and Interventions
Participant Group / Arm |
Intervention / Treatment |
---|---|
Experimental: IMW Group
Patients who performed inspiratory muscle warm-up (IMW) before inspiratory muscle training (IMT)
|
The IMW protocol applied before each inspiratory muscle training (IMT) session by using a threshold inspiratory muscle trainer.
The IMW protocol consists of 2 sets of 30 breaths in 40% of the maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), with 1 min rest between sets.
The intensity of MIP adjusted by two weekly MIP measurements.
The IMT applied twice a day as 30 breath repetitions at 60% of the maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP).
The intensity of MIP adjusted by two weekly MIP measurements.
Then the respiratory exercises and aerobic exercise program performed in both groups in each session.
Aerobic exercise program; After 5 min of general body warming, applied 20 min with a load of 4-6 according to the modified Borg scale on the treadmill, finished with 5 min whole body cool-down.
All program applied to 3 days a week for 8 weeks under the supervision of a physiotherapist and other days of the week without a supervisor.
|
Experimental: Standart IMT Group
Patients who performed standard inspiratory muscle training (IMT) without inspiratory muscle warm-up (IMW) protocol
|
The IMT applied twice a day as 30 breath repetitions at 60% of the maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP).
The intensity of MIP adjusted by two weekly MIP measurements.
Then the respiratory exercises and aerobic exercise program performed in both groups in each session.
Aerobic exercise program; After 5 min of general body warming, applied 20 min with a load of 4-6 according to the modified Borg scale on the treadmill, finished with 5 min whole body cool-down.
All program applied to 3 days a week for 8 weeks under the supervision of a physiotherapist and other days of the week without a supervisor.
|
What is the study measuring?
Primary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Inspiratory muscle strength
Time Frame: 8 weeks
|
Inspiratory muscle strength (MIP) was measured using a hand-held mouth pressure device (Micro RMP; Micro Medical, Rochester, UK).
Three to five acceptable and reproducible maximal manoeuvres (i.e., differences between values <10%) were performed and the highest value was recorded.
|
8 weeks
|
Expiratory muscle strength
Time Frame: 8 weeks
|
Expiratory muscle strength (MEP) was measured using a hand-held mouth pressure device (Micro RMP; Micro Medical, Rochester, UK).
Three to five acceptable and reproducible maximal manoeuvres (i.e., differences between values <10%) were performed and the highest value was recorded.
|
8 weeks
|
Respiratory functions
Time Frame: 8 weeks
|
Respiratory functions were evaluated by pulmonary function tests.
Pulmonary function tests were performed in accordance with the American Thoracic Society (ATS) / European Respiratory Society (ERS) criteria, in a sitting position with a computer-compatible spirometer (Sensor Medics Vmax 22 machine, SensorMedics Inc., Anaheim, CA).
Percentages of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1 / FVC ratio values relative to the predicted value were recorded in pulmonary function tests.
|
8 weeks
|
Dyspnea assessment
Time Frame: 8 weeks
|
The modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) Dyspnea Scale was used to evaluate the severity of dyspnea.
Commonly used in the assessment of dyspnea in COPD, mMRC has a five-level scoring system ranging from 0 to 4. A high score indicates an increased sense of dyspnea.
|
8 weeks
|
Exercise capacity assessment
Time Frame: 8 weeks
|
The 6-Minute Walking Test distance (6MWD) was used to assess exercise capacity.
|
8 weeks
|
Secondary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Health-Related Quality of Life assessment using the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ)
Time Frame: 8 weeks
|
The SGRQ is a specific questionnaire for respiratory diseases.
It is a self-administered questionnaire by patients which questioned 50 items with 76 weighted responses divided into three areas: symptoms (8 items), activities (16 items), effects of the disease (26 items).
The three parts of the questionnaire are scored separately and the total score is calculated.
Scores range from 0-100.
Higher scores indicating worse HRQOL.
|
8 weeks
|
Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) using the 36-item Short Form Survey (SF-36)
Time Frame: 8 weeks
|
The SF-36 is a general quality of life survey which includes 36 items and enables the measurement of eight sections; physical functioning, social role functioning, physical role functioning, emotional role functioning, mental health, vitality, bodily pain and general health perceptions.
Each category is scored from 0 to 100.
Lower scores indicating worse HRQOL.
|
8 weeks
|
Collaborators and Investigators
Sponsor
Investigators
- Study Director: Sevgi Ozalevli, PT, Prof, Dokuz Eylül University
- Principal Investigator: Ridvan Aktan, PT, PhD, Dokuz Eylül University
Publications and helpful links
General Publications
- Volianitis S, McConnell AK, Jones DA. Assessment of maximum inspiratory pressure. Prior submaximal respiratory muscle activity ('warm-up') enhances maximum inspiratory activity and attenuates the learning effect of repeated measurement. Respiration. 2001;68(1):22-7. doi: 10.1159/000050458.
- Bisca GW, Camillo CA, Cavalheri V, Pitta F, Osadnik CR. Peripheral muscle training in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: novel approaches and recent advances. Expert Rev Respir Med. 2017 May;11(5):413-423. doi: 10.1080/17476348.2017.1317598. Epub 2017 Apr 17.
- Volianitis S, McConnell AK, Koutedakis Y, Jones DA. Specific respiratory warm-up improves rowing performance and exertional dyspnea. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001 Jul;33(7):1189-93. doi: 10.1097/00005768-200107000-00017.
- Ross EZ, Nowicky AV, McConnell AK. Influence of acute inspiratory loading upon diaphragm motor-evoked potentials in healthy humans. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2007 May;102(5):1883-90. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00694.2006. Epub 2007 Jan 18.
- Ozdal M. Acute effects of inspiratory muscle warm-up on pulmonary function in healthy subjects. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2016 Jun 15;227:23-6. doi: 10.1016/j.resp.2016.02.006. Epub 2016 Feb 21.
- Lomax M, Grant I, Corbett J. Inspiratory muscle warm-up and inspiratory muscle training: separate and combined effects on intermittent running to exhaustion. J Sports Sci. 2011 Mar;29(6):563-9. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2010.543911.
Study record dates
Study Major Dates
Study Start (Actual)
Primary Completion (Actual)
Study Completion (Actual)
Study Registration Dates
First Submitted
First Submitted That Met QC Criteria
First Posted (Actual)
Study Record Updates
Last Update Posted (Actual)
Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria
Last Verified
More Information
Terms related to this study
Keywords
Additional Relevant MeSH Terms
Other Study ID Numbers
- RidvanAKTAN_2018.KB.SAG.026
Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)
Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?
Drug and device information, study documents
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product
This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.
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