Gamified Learning Methods and HPV Knowledge in Nursing Students

July 2, 2026 updated by: Nihal Taskiran, Aydin Adnan Menderes University

Effect of Gimkit and Escape Room Teaching Methods on Nursing Students' Knowledge and Literacy Levels Regarding Human Papillomavirus (HPV): A Randomized Controlled Trial

This study is a randomized controlled trial (RCT) with a pretest-posttest-follow-up design that compares the effectiveness of gamified teaching methods (Gimkit and educational escape room) with traditional theoretical education in improving undergraduate nursing students' Human Papillomavirus (HPV) knowledge and HPV literacy. Both HPV knowledge and HPV literacy were prespecified primary outcome measures in the study protocol. These outcomes represent related but distinct educational constructs and are reported separately to allow independent interpretation of each outcome.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

This randomized controlled trial (RCT) with a pretest-posttest-follow-up design evaluated the effectiveness of two gamified teaching strategies in undergraduate nursing education. The study was conducted among third-year nursing students enrolled in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing course at Aydın Adnan Menderes University.

Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups:

  1. Gimkit-based gamification combined with theoretical education
  2. Educational escape room combined with theoretical education
  3. Control group (theoretical education only)

All participants received standardized theoretical instruction on Human Papillomavirus (HPV). Subsequently, participants in the intervention groups completed either the Gimkit or educational escape room activity, whereas the control group received no additional educational intervention.

Data were collected using the following instruments:

  • Student Information Form
  • Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Knowledge Scale
  • Human Papillomavirus Literacy Scale (HPV-LS)
  • Gameful Experience Scale (GAMEX)

Both HPV knowledge and HPV literacy were prespecified primary outcome measures in the study protocol. HPV knowledge and HPV literacy address related but distinct educational constructs and are reported separately to allow independent interpretation of each outcome.

Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 25.0. Descriptive statistics were calculated for all variables. Baseline continuous variables were compared using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), whereas categorical variables were analyzed using the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test, as appropriate. Changes in study outcomes over time were evaluated using two-way repeated-measures ANOVA with Bonferroni-adjusted pairwise comparisons, as appropriate. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

90

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria

  • Being a third-year undergraduate nursing student enrolled in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing course
  • Voluntary participation
  • Participation in all measurement points
  • Ownership of a smartphone
  • Internet access
  • Having headphones.

Exclusion Criteria Previous experience with Gimkit or educational escape room activities Incomplete data forms Not participating in intervention sessions Absence from the posttest or follow-up assessment

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Other
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Gimkit Group
Participants will receive standardized theoretical education on Human Papillomavirus (HPV), followed by a Gimkit-based digital quiz game consisting of multiple-choice and true/false questions.
Behavioral: Gimkit-Based Game-Based Learning
Participants will receive standardized theoretical education on Human Papillomavirus (HPV), followed by participation in a Gimkit-based digital quiz game consisting of multiple-choice and true/false questions designed to reinforce HPV-related knowledge.
Experimental: Escape Room Group
Participants will receive standardized theoretical education on Human Papillomavirus (HPV), followed by participation in structured escape room-based learning activities consisting of crossword puzzles, word search tasks, and matching exercises designed to reinforce HPV-related knowledge through collaborative problem-solving.
Behavioral: Escape Room-Based Game-Based Learning
Participants will receive standardized theoretical education on Human Papillomavirus (HPV), followed by participation in structured escape room-based learning activities consisting of crossword puzzles, word search tasks, and matching exercises designed to reinforce HPV-related knowledge.
No Intervention: Control Group
Participants will receive standardized theoretical education on Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and will not participate in any gamified learning activities.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
HPV Knowledge Level
Time Frame: Baseline (Day 0, before theoretical education; 17 April 2026), immediately after theoretical education (Day 0; 17 April 2026), immediately after the intervention (Day 7; 24 April 2026), and follow-up (Day 28; 15 May 2026).
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Knowledge Scale. Scores range from 0 to 33; higher scores indicate greater knowledge.
Baseline (Day 0, before theoretical education; 17 April 2026), immediately after theoretical education (Day 0; 17 April 2026), immediately after the intervention (Day 7; 24 April 2026), and follow-up (Day 28; 15 May 2026).
HPV Literacy Level
Time Frame: Baseline (Day 0, before theoretical education; 17 April 2026), immediately after theoretical education (Day 0; 17 April 2026), immediately after the intervention (Day 7; 24 April 2026), and follow-up (Day 28; 15 May 2026).
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Literacy Scale. Scores range from 24 to 120; higher scores indicate higher literacy.
Baseline (Day 0, before theoretical education; 17 April 2026), immediately after theoretical education (Day 0; 17 April 2026), immediately after the intervention (Day 7; 24 April 2026), and follow-up (Day 28; 15 May 2026).

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Gamified Learning Experience
Time Frame: Immediately after completion of the gamified intervention (Day 7; 24 April 2026).
Measured using the Gameful Experience Scale (GAMEX). Higher scores indicate a more positive gamified learning experience.
Immediately after completion of the gamified intervention (Day 7; 24 April 2026).

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Aydin Adnan Menderes University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

April 17, 2026

Primary Completion (Actual)

May 15, 2026

Study Completion (Actual)

June 13, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

April 20, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

April 26, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

April 29, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

July 6, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

July 2, 2026

Last Verified

July 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 2026/03/05- HPV

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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