Combined Aerobic and Resistance Exercise in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients (CAPER-PD)

June 3, 2026 updated by: Dilek GİBYELİ GENEK

Combined Aerobic and Resistance Exercise in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

The goal of this randomized controlled trial was to learn whether a combined aerobic and resistance exercise program could improve physical function and muscle health in people receiving peritoneal dialysis. Researchers compared an exercise group with a control group to evaluate the effects of regular exercise.

The main questions the study aimed to answer were:

  • Can regular exercise improve physical performance and muscle strength in people receiving peritoneal dialysis?
  • Can regular exercise improve body composition and blood markers related to muscle health?

Before the exercise program, participants completed a one-month training period to learn the exercises and practice them safely.

Participants in the exercise group:

  • Performed combined aerobic and resistance exercises for 8 weeks
  • Completed assessments before and after the exercise program

Participants in the control group:

  • Continued their usual care
  • Completed assessments before and after the study period

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

People receiving peritoneal dialysis often experience reduced physical function, muscle weakness, and changes in body composition. This randomized controlled trial evaluated the effects of a combined aerobic and resistance exercise program in adults receiving peritoneal dialysis.

Before the intervention, participants completed a one-month training and adaptation period to learn the exercises and ensure safe participation. Participants were then assigned to either an exercise group or a control group. The exercise group performed a structured combined aerobic and resistance exercise program for 8 weeks, while the control group continued usual care.

Researchers evaluated physical performance, muscle strength, body composition, and blood markers related to muscle health before and after the intervention period. The study aimed to determine whether regular exercise could improve physical function and muscle health in people receiving peritoneal dialysis.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

36

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Turkey (Türkiye)
    • Muğla
      • Muğla, Muğla, Turkey (Türkiye), 48000
        • Mugla Sitki Kocman University Faculty of Medicine, Mugla Training and Research Hospital

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Adults aged 18 years or older
  • Receiving peritoneal dialysis for at least 6 months
  • Ability to sit and stand independently

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Myocardial infarction within the previous 6 months
  • History of cardiac surgery
  • Uncontrolled hypertension
  • Pericardial or pleural effusion
  • Aortic stenosis
  • Active lower extremity amputation, prosthesis, or fracture
  • History of osteoporotic fractures
  • Regular participation in sports or structured exercise
  • Advanced cognitive impairment

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: exercise group
Participants performed a combined aerobic and resistance exercise program for 8 weeks.
Behavioral: Combined Aerobic and Resistance Exercise
Participants performed a structured combined aerobic and resistance exercise program for 8 weeks. Before the intervention period, participants completed a one-month training and adaptation phase to learn the exercises and ensure safe participation. The exercise program aimed to improve physical performance, muscle strength, and muscle health in people receiving peritoneal dialysis.
No Intervention: control group
Participants continued their usual care during the study period without a structured exercise program.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Physical Performance
Time Frame: Baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention
Changes in physical performance assessed using the 6-minute walk test after 8 weeks of combined aerobic and resistance exercise.
Baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention
Changes in right handgrip strength
Time Frame: Baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention
Changes in right handgrip strength measured in kilograms after 8 weeks of combined aerobic and resistance exercise.
Baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention
Changes in left handgrip strength
Time Frame: Baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention
Changes in left handgrip strength measured in kilograms after 8 weeks of combined aerobic and resistance exercise.
Baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention
Changes in leg strength
Time Frame: Baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention
Changes in lower extremity muscle strength measured using a leg and back dynamometer after 8 weeks of combined aerobic and resistance exercise.
Baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Changes in flexibility
Time Frame: Baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention
Changes in flexibility assessed using the Modified Back-Saver Sit-and-Reach Test after 8 weeks of combined aerobic and resistance exercise.
Baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention
Changes in Fat Tissue Index (FTI)
Time Frame: Baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention
Changes in Fat Tissue Index measured by by bioimpedance spectroscopy after 8 weeks of combined aerobic and resistance exercise.
Baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention
Changes in Lean Tissue Index (LTI)
Time Frame: Baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention
Changes in Lean Tissue Index measured by by bioimpedance spectroscopy after 8 weeks of combined aerobic and resistance exercise.
Baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention
Changes in serum IGF-1 levels
Time Frame: Baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention
Changes in serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels after 8 weeks of combined aerobic and resistance exercise.
Baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention
Changes in serum ACTH levels
Time Frame: Baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention
Changes in serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels after 8 weeks of combined aerobic and resistance exercise.
Baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention
Changes in serum myostatin levels
Time Frame: Baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention
Changes in serum myostatin levels after 8 weeks of combined aerobic and resistance exercise.
Baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention
Changes in serum irisin levels
Time Frame: Baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention
Changes in serum irisin levels after 8 weeks of combined aerobic and resistance exercise.
Baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Changes in biceps skinfold thickness
Time Frame: Baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention
Changes in biceps skinfold thickness measured using skinfold caliper assessment after 8 weeks of combined aerobic and resistance exercise.
Baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention
Changes in triceps skinfold thickness
Time Frame: Baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention
Changes in triceps skinfold thickness measured using skinfold caliper assessment after 8 weeks of combined aerobic and resistance exercise.
Baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention
Changes in abdominal skinfold thickness
Time Frame: Baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention
Changes in abdominal skinfold thickness measured using skinfold caliper assessment after 8 weeks of combined aerobic and resistance exercise.
Baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Dilek GİBYELİ GENEK

Collaborators

Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

July 1, 2022

Primary Completion (Actual)

September 30, 2022

Study Completion (Actual)

September 30, 2022

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

May 11, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

June 3, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

June 8, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

June 8, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

June 3, 2026

Last Verified

June 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • PD-EX-2022
  • Ethics Approval 9/XVI-2022 (Other Identifier: Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University Clinical Research Ethics Committee)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

IPD Plan Description

Individual participant data will not be shared to protect participant privacy and confidentiality.

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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