Independent and Combined Effects of Aerobic and Resistance Training on Blood Pressure (ART-B)

We compared the effects of 8 weeks of aerobic exercise only, resistance exercise only, or a combination of both on blood pressure in overweight or obese middle-aged adults with elevated blood pressure. Participants engaged in supervised exercise sessions 3 times per week for 60 minutes each session. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and after the 8-week intervention. Extra-intervention physical activity and diet were also assessed.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Cardiovascular Risk Factor
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: Aerobic Exercise; Behavioral: Resistance Exercise; Behavioral: Combined aerobic and resistance exercise

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 69
• Phase: Not Applicable

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 45 years to 74 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Systolic/diastolic blood pressure of 120-159/80-99 mm Hg
• Non-smoking
• Overweight or obese, with a body mass index of 25-40 kg/m2
• Inactive--not meeting the aerobic or resistance physical activity guidelines, which means engaging in less than 150 minutes/wk of moderate intensity aerobic exercise and less than 2 days per week of resistance training over the past 3 months.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Unstable coronary heart disease or decompensated heart failure
• Severe pulmonary hypertension or aortic stenosis
• Acute myocarditis, endocarditis, pericarditis, or aortic dissection
• Other medical condition that is life-threatening or that can interfere or be aggravated by the exercise training such as cancer, uncontrolled diabetes, severe pain or mobility limitations.
• Premenopausal women or postmenopausal women taking hormonal replacement therapy
• Pregnant women or anticipated pregnancy via IVF or other medical procedures during the course of the intervention

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Basic Science
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

4

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Aerobic exercise (AE); Engage in supervised aerobic exercise for 60 minutes on 3 days per week for 8 weeks. Exercise is performed on a recumbent bike or treadmill at 50-80% of their heart rate reserve.	Behavioral: Aerobic Exercise; 180 minutes of moderate-vigorous intensity aerobic exercise per week
Experimental: Resistance exercise (RE); Engage in supervised resistance exercise for 60 minutes on 3 days per week for 8 weeks. Exercise consists of 3 sets of 8-12 repetitions of 12 exercises for the major muscle groups.	Behavioral: Resistance Exercise; 180 minutes of resistance exercise per week
Experimental: Combined Resistance and Aerobic Exercise; Engage in supervised aerobic resistance exercise for 60 minutes on 3 days per week for 8 weeks. Exercise consists of 30 min aerobic exercise at 50-80% heart rate reserve and 30 min of resistance exercise comprising 2 sets of 8-12 repetitions of 9 exercises for the major muscle groups.	Behavioral: Combined aerobic and resistance exercise; 180 minutes of exercise per week with 90 minutes per week coming from moderate-vigorous intensity aerobic exercise and 90 minutes per week coming from resistance exercise
No Intervention: No training control; No exercise training. Participants will refrain from any moderate-vigorous exercise or resistance training for 8 weeks.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change in resting blood pressure	resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure	Immediately before and after the 8 week intervention

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Iowa State University
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Duck-chul Lee, PhD, Iowa State University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): July 15, 2014
• Primary Completion (Actual): December 19, 2014
• Study Completion (Actual): December 19, 2014

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: October 31, 2018
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 5, 2018
• First Posted (Actual): November 7, 2018

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): November 7, 2018
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 5, 2018
• Last Verified: October 1, 2018

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Other Study ID Numbers: 14-330

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No