Periodization-Based Strength Exercise Training in İndividuals With Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM_NLP)

June 17, 2026 updated by: Neslihan Duruturk, Baskent University

A Comparison of the Effects of Different Periodization-Based Strength Training Programs in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

This randomized controlled study aims to compare the effects of different periodization-based strength training approaches in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Participants will be allocated to non-linear periodization, linear periodization, or control groups. The intervention program will be conducted for 8 weeks and will evaluate exercise capacity, muscle strength, quality of life, body composition, and metabolic parameters.

Study Overview

Status

Recruiting

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with reduced exercise capacity, decreased muscle strength, impaired quality of life, and metabolic dysfunction. Exercise training is recommended as an important component of diabetes management; however, the comparative effectiveness of different strength training periodization approaches remains unclear.

This randomized controlled trial aims to compare the effects of non-linear periodization and linear periodization strength training programs in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Participants will be randomized into three groups: a non-linear periodization training group, a linear periodization training group, and a control group receiving usual care.

The intervention will be conducted for 8 weeks, three times per week. Outcomes including exercise capacity, muscle strength, body composition, quality of life, and metabolic parameters will be evaluated before and after the intervention period.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

48

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Locations

  • Turkey (Türkiye)
    • Ankara
      • Ankara, Ankara, Turkey (Türkiye), 06790
        • Recruiting
        • Baskent University Hospital
        • Contact:

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Adults aged between 18 to 65 years
  • Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)
  • Not having participated in any structured exercise program within the last 6 months
  • Willingness to participate in the study and provide written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Presence of nephropathy, retinopathy, or peripheral neuropathy
  • Presence of neurological, cognitive, or orthopedic disorders that may affect outcome measurements
  • Severe respiratory disease (Forced Expiratory Volume in the first second [FEV1] <35% or Forced Vital Capacity [FVC] <50%)
  • Presence of ischemic heart disease or peripheral arterial disease
  • History of any cardiovascular event within the last 6 months
  • Current malignancy

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Non-linear Periodization Group
Participants will receive non-linear periodization-based strength training three times per week for 8 weeks.
Behavioral: Non-linear Periodization-Based Strength Training
Participants will perform supervised non-linear periodization-based strength training three times per week for 8 weeks.
Experimental: Linear Periodization Group
Participants will receive linear periodization-based strength training three times per week for 8 weeks.
Behavioral: Linear Periodization-Based Strength Training
Participants will perform supervised linear periodization-based strength training three times per week for 8 weeks.
Active Comparator: Control Group
Participants will receive usual care and no structured exercise intervention during the study period.
Other: Usual Care
Participants will receive usual care and no structured exercise intervention during the study period.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Exercise Capacity
Time Frame: Baseline and after 8 week
Exercise capacity will be assessed using the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT)
Baseline and after 8 week

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Change in Peripheral Muscle Strength
Time Frame: Baseline and after 8 weeks
Peripheral muscle strength will be assessed using handheld dynamometry for upper and lower extremity muscle groups and reported in Newton (N).
Baseline and after 8 weeks
Change in Hand Grip Strength
Time Frame: Baseline and after 8 weeks
Hand grip strength will be assessed using a hand dynamometer and reported in kilograms (kg).
Baseline and after 8 weeks
Change in Diabetes Quality of Life Questionnaire Score
Time Frame: Baseline and after 8 weeks
Change in the Turkish version of the Diabetes Quality of Life Questionnaire (DQOL) total score and subscale scores from baseline to 8 weeks will be evaluated. The DQOL consists of 45 items assessing treatment satisfaction, psychological impact, concerns about future effects of diabetes, and social/vocational concerns. Each item is scored on a 1-5 scale, and higher scores indicate better diabetes-related quality of life.
Baseline and after 8 weeks
Change in Body Fat Percentage
Time Frame: Baseline and after 8 weeks
Body fat percentage (%) will be assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA).
Baseline and after 8 weeks
Change in Skeletal Muscle Mass
Time Frame: Baseline and after 8 weeks
Skeletal muscle mass (kg) will be assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA).
Baseline and after 8 weeks
Change in Resting Metabolic Rate
Time Frame: Baseline and after 8 weeks
Resting metabolic rate (kcal/day) will be assessed using indirect calorimetry (COSMED Fitmate Pro, Rome, Italy).
Baseline and after 8 weeks
Change in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)
Time Frame: Baseline and after 8 weeks
Glycemic control will be assessed by measuring glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels (%).
Baseline and after 8 weeks
Change in Fasting Blood Glucose
Time Frame: Baseline and after 8 weeks
Glycemic control will be assessed by measuring fasting blood glucose levels (mg/dL).
Baseline and after 8 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Baskent University

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Neslihan Duruturk, PhD, Baskent University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

May 1, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

November 1, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

December 1, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

June 6, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

June 17, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

June 22, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

June 22, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

June 17, 2026

Last Verified

June 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • T2DM-NLP-2026

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

Clinical Trials on Type 2 Diabetes

Clinical Trials on Non-linear Periodization-Based Strength Training

Search Similar Trials

Sponsors and Collaborators

Medical Conditions

Drug Interventions

CROs by country

CROs in Equatorial Guinea

Conditions

Rare Diseases

Drug Interventions

Dietary Supplements

Sponsor/Collaborators

Locations

3
Subscribe