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Effects of Different Nap Durations on Volleyball Performance and EEG Activity Following Mental Fatigue (MFNAP)

11. července 2026 aktualizováno: Oğuzhan Bozkurt, Inonu University

Effects of Mental Fatigue and Different Nap Durations on Volleyball Performance and Brain Activity

Mental fatigue is known to impair cognitive and physical performance in athletes, but the effectiveness of different nap durations in counteracting these effects remains unclear. The purpose of this randomized crossover study is to investigate the effects of mental fatigue and different nap durations (20, 40, 60, and 90 minutes) on volleyball-specific performance and electroencephalographic (EEG) activity in trained male volleyball players. Mental fatigue is induced using a 15-minute Stroop task. Performance outcomes include the Volleyball Agility Test (VAT) and Countermovement Jump (CMJ), while cortical activity is assessed using resting-state EEG recordings. The findings are expected to improve understanding of the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying mental fatigue and recovery and to provide evidence-based recommendations regarding optimal nap duration for athletes.

Přehled studie

Postavení

Dokončeno

Podmínky

Intervence / Léčba

Detailní popis

Mental fatigue has emerged as an important factor influencing athletic performance by impairing attention, executive function, decision-making, and motor performance. Volleyball is a sport requiring rapid cognitive processing, agility, explosive power, and precise motor control, making athletes particularly vulnerable to the detrimental effects of mental fatigue. Although daytime napping has been proposed as an effective recovery strategy, the optimal nap duration for restoring sport performance and brain activity following mental fatigue remains uncertain.

This study employs a randomized crossover repeated-measures design in which each participant completes six experimental conditions: Control, Mental Fatigue, Mental Fatigue followed by a 20-minute nap, Mental Fatigue followed by a 40-minute nap, Mental Fatigue followed by a 60-minute nap, and Mental Fatigue followed by a 90-minute nap. Mental fatigue is induced using a standardized 15-minute computerized Stroop task. A 72-hour washout period is maintained between consecutive experimental sessions.

Primary assessments include volleyball-specific agility performance, countermovement jump performance, and resting-state electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings obtained before and after mental fatigue and following the nap intervention. EEG analyses focus on spectral power in the delta, theta, alpha, and beta frequency bands as well as Theta/Alpha and Theta/Beta ratios.

The study aims to determine whether different nap durations differentially improve volleyball-specific performance and cortical activity following mental fatigue. The results are expected to provide practical recommendations for coaches and athletes regarding evidence-based recovery strategies while contributing to a better understanding of the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying mental fatigue and post-nap recovery.

Typ studie

Intervenční

Zápis (Aktuální)

10

Fáze

  • Nelze použít

Kontakty a umístění

Tato část poskytuje kontaktní údaje pro ty, kteří studii provádějí, a informace o tom, kde se tato studie provádí.

Studijní místa

  • Turecko (Türkiye)
    • Malatya
      • Malatya, Malatya, Turecko (Türkiye), 44280
        • Inonu University, Faculty of Sport Sciences

Kritéria účasti

Výzkumníci hledají lidi, kteří odpovídají určitému popisu, kterému se říká kritéria způsobilosti. Některé příklady těchto kritérií jsou celkový zdravotní stav osoby nebo předchozí léčba.

Kritéria způsobilosti

Věk způsobilý ke studiu

  • Dospělý

Přijímá zdravé dobrovolníky

Ano

Popis

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Male volleyball players aged 19 to 22 years.
  • Minimum of 3 years of regular volleyball training and active participation in organized training.
  • Apparently healthy and free from neurological, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, or metabolic disorders.
  • Normal or corrected-to-normal vision.
  • Willing to provide written informed consent.
  • Agreed to refrain from strenuous exercise, alcohol, and caffeine for at least 24 hours before each experimental session.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • History of neurological, psychiatric, cardiovascular, or musculoskeletal disorders.
  • Current injury affecting sports performance.
  • Use of medications known to influence cognitive function, sleep, or central nervous system activity.
  • Diagnosed sleep disorders.
  • Failure to comply with study procedures or pre-test instructions.
  • Inability to complete all experimental sessions.

Studijní plán

Tato část poskytuje podrobnosti o studijním plánu, včetně toho, jak je studie navržena a co studie měří.

Jak je studie koncipována?

Detaily designu

  • Primární účel: Léčba
  • Přidělení: Randomizované
  • Intervenční model: Crossover Assignment
  • Maskování: Žádné (otevřený štítek)

Zbraně a zásahy

Skupina účastníků / Arm
Intervence / Léčba
Aktivní komparátor: Control
Participants completed the control condition without mental fatigue induction or daytime nap intervention. A neutral documentary was viewed for 15 minutes. Resting-state EEG recordings, volleyball-specific agility performance, and countermovement jump performance were assessed according to the study protocol.
Jiný: Control Condition
Participants watched a neutral documentary for 15 minutes without mental fatigue induction or daytime nap intervention before EEG and performance assessments.
Experimentální: Mental Fatigue
Participants completed a 15-minute computerized Stroop task to induce mental fatigue. Following the mental fatigue protocol, resting-state EEG recordings, volleyball-specific agility performance, and countermovement jump performance were assessed.
Behaviorální: Mental Fatigue Induction
Mental fatigue was induced using a standardized 15-minute computerized Stroop Color-Word Task designed to increase cognitive load and induce mental fatigue before performance and EEG assessments.
Experimentální: Nap20
Participants completed a 15-minute computerized Stroop task followed by a supervised 20-minute daytime nap. Resting-state EEG recordings, volleyball-specific agility performance, and countermovement jump performance were assessed after the nap intervention.
Behaviorální: Mental Fatigue Induction
Mental fatigue was induced using a standardized 15-minute computerized Stroop Color-Word Task designed to increase cognitive load and induce mental fatigue before performance and EEG assessments.
Behaviorální: Daytime Nap 20 Minutes
Participants underwent a supervised 20-minute daytime nap following mental fatigue induction in a quiet, darkened room before post-intervention EEG and performance assessments.
Experimentální: Nap40
Participants completed a 15-minute computerized Stroop task followed by a supervised 40-minute daytime nap. Resting-state EEG recordings, volleyball-specific agility performance, and countermovement jump performance were assessed after the nap intervention.
Behaviorální: Mental Fatigue Induction
Mental fatigue was induced using a standardized 15-minute computerized Stroop Color-Word Task designed to increase cognitive load and induce mental fatigue before performance and EEG assessments.
Behaviorální: Daytime Nap 40 Minutes
Participants underwent a supervised 40-minute daytime nap following mental fatigue induction in a quiet, darkened room before post-intervention EEG and performance assessments.
Experimentální: Nap60
Participants completed a 15-minute computerized Stroop task followed by a supervised 60-minute daytime nap. Resting-state EEG recordings, volleyball-specific agility performance, and countermovement jump performance were assessed after the nap intervention.
Behaviorální: Mental Fatigue Induction
Mental fatigue was induced using a standardized 15-minute computerized Stroop Color-Word Task designed to increase cognitive load and induce mental fatigue before performance and EEG assessments.
Behaviorální: Daytime Nap 60 Minutes
Participants underwent a supervised 60-minute daytime nap following mental fatigue induction in a quiet, darkened room before post-intervention EEG and performance assessments.
Experimentální: Nap90
Participants completed a 15-minute computerized Stroop task followed by a supervised 90-minute daytime nap. Resting-state EEG recordings, volleyball-specific agility performance, and countermovement jump performance were assessed after the nap intervention.
Behaviorální: Mental Fatigue Induction
Mental fatigue was induced using a standardized 15-minute computerized Stroop Color-Word Task designed to increase cognitive load and induce mental fatigue before performance and EEG assessments.
Behaviorální: Daytime Nap 90 Minutes
Participants underwent a supervised 90-minute daytime nap following mental fatigue induction in a quiet, darkened room before post-intervention EEG and performance assessments.

Co je měření studie?

Primární výstupní opatření

Měření výsledku
Popis opatření
Časové okno
EEG Spectral Power
Časové okno: At baseline, immediately after the mental fatigue task, and immediately after completion of the assigned intervention during each experimental session.
Resting-state electroencephalographic (EEG) activity was recorded from the Fz, Cz, Pz, O1, and O2 electrode sites. Power spectral density was analyzed for the delta (1-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), alpha (8-13 Hz), and beta (13-30 Hz) frequency bands. All frequency-band power values were expressed in microvolts squared per hertz (µV²/Hz).
At baseline, immediately after the mental fatigue task, and immediately after completion of the assigned intervention during each experimental session.
EEG Theta/Alpha Ratio
Časové okno: At baseline, immediately after the mental fatigue task, and immediately after completion of the assigned intervention during each experimental session.
The theta-to-alpha power ratio was calculated from resting-state EEG recordings obtained from the Fz, Cz, Pz, O1, and O2 electrode sites by dividing theta-band power by alpha-band power. The outcome was expressed as a unitless ratio.
At baseline, immediately after the mental fatigue task, and immediately after completion of the assigned intervention during each experimental session.
EEG Theta/Beta Ratio
Časové okno: At baseline, immediately after the mental fatigue task, and immediately after completion of the assigned intervention during each experimental session.
The theta-to-beta power ratio was calculated from resting-state EEG recordings obtained from the Fz, Cz, Pz, O1, and O2 electrode sites by dividing theta-band power by beta-band power. The outcome was expressed as a unitless ratio.
At baseline, immediately after the mental fatigue task, and immediately after completion of the assigned intervention during each experimental session.
Volleyball-Specific Agility Performance
Časové okno: Immediately after completion of each experimental protocol.
Volleyball-specific agility performance was assessed using the Volleyball Agility Test (VAT). Performance was quantified as test completion time (seconds), with lower values indicating better agility performance.
Immediately after completion of each experimental protocol.
Countermovement Jump Height
Časové okno: Immediately after completion of each experimental protocol.
Countermovement jump (CMJ) performance was assessed using the My Jump Lab application by measuring jump height in centimeters (cm), with higher values indicating better jump performance.
Immediately after completion of each experimental protocol.

Sekundární výstupní opatření

Měření výsledku
Popis opatření
Časové okno
Countermovement Jump-Derived Mechanical and Kinematic Parameters
Časové okno: Immediately after completion of each experimental protocol.
Countermovement jump (CMJ)-derived mechanical and kinematic parameters were obtained using the My Jump Lab application from the CMJ assessment performed at the end of each experimental protocol. Participant jump height and body mass were entered into the application's manual data-entry module, which provided flight time (ms), average velocity (m/s), take-off velocity (m/s), and impulse (kg·m/s). These parameters were analyzed as complementary derived measures of CMJ performance.
Immediately after completion of each experimental protocol.
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) Score
Časové okno: Baseline (before the first experimental session).
Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), a validated self-reported questionnaire that evaluates sleep quality over the previous month. The PSQI consists of 19 self-rated items yielding a global score ranging from 0 to 21, with higher scores indicating poorer subjective sleep quality.
Baseline (before the first experimental session).
Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Score for Perceived Nap Quality
Časové okno: Immediately after each daytime nap intervention (20-, 40-, 60-, and 90-minute nap conditions).
Perceived nap quality was assessed using a 100-mm Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Participants rated the overall quality of their daytime nap on a horizontal line ranging from 0 mm (very poor nap quality) to 100 mm (excellent nap quality). Higher scores indicate better perceived nap quality.
Immediately after each daytime nap intervention (20-, 40-, 60-, and 90-minute nap conditions).

Spolupracovníci a vyšetřovatelé

Zde najdete lidi a organizace zapojené do této studie.

Sponzor

Inonu University

Vyšetřovatelé

  • Studijní židle: Ozgur EKEN, Associate Professor, Inonu University

Termíny studijních záznamů

Tato data sledují průběh záznamů studie a předkládání souhrnných výsledků na ClinicalTrials.gov. Záznamy ze studií a hlášené výsledky jsou před zveřejněním na veřejné webové stránce přezkoumány Národní lékařskou knihovnou (NLM), aby se ujistily, že splňují specifické standardy kontroly kvality.

Hlavní termíny studia

Začátek studia (Aktuální)

1. října 2025

Primární dokončení (Aktuální)

1. prosince 2025

Dokončení studie (Aktuální)

1. prosince 2025

Termíny zápisu do studia

První předloženo

30. června 2026

První předloženo, které splnilo kritéria kontroly kvality

11. července 2026

První zveřejněno (Aktuální)

14. července 2026

Aktualizace studijních záznamů

Poslední zveřejněná aktualizace (Aktuální)

14. července 2026

Odeslaná poslední aktualizace, která splnila kritéria kontroly kvality

11. července 2026

Naposledy ověřeno

1. července 2026

Více informací

Termíny související s touto studií

Klíčová slova

Další relevantní podmínky MeSH

Další identifikační čísla studie

  • OB-MFNAP-2026-01
  • TDK-2025-4002 (Jiné číslo grantu/financování: Inonu University Scientific Research Projects Coordination (BAP))

Plán pro data jednotlivých účastníků (IPD)

Plánujete sdílet data jednotlivých účastníků (IPD)?

NE

Popis plánu IPD

Individual participant data will not be shared because the study includes a small sample size, and no data-sharing plan was included in the approved study protocol or informed consent. Aggregate study results will be reported in scientific publications.

Informace o lécích a zařízeních, studijní dokumenty

Studuje lékový produkt regulovaný americkým FDA

Ne

Studuje produkt zařízení regulovaný americkým úřadem FDA

Ne

Tyto informace byly beze změn načteny přímo z webu clinicaltrials.gov. Máte-li jakékoli požadavky na změnu, odstranění nebo aktualizaci podrobností studie, kontaktujte prosím register@clinicaltrials.gov. Jakmile bude změna implementována na clinicaltrials.gov, bude automaticky aktualizována i na našem webu .

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