Pilot Study of the Utility of Empiric Antibiotic Therapy for Suspected ICU-Acquired Infection
Appropriate Antimicrobial Therapy in Critical Care: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Infection developing in the intensive care unit is a common complication of critical illness, but notoriously difficult to diagnose. A definite diagnosis based on the most reliable tests usually is not possible for at least two days. It is unclear what the optimal management approach should be while awaiting the results of diagnostic tests. In some circumstances, broad spectrum antibiotics are started with a plan to adjust them once the results of cultures are available. Observational studies show that this results in greater antibiotic use, and the risk of superinfection and resistance. In other circumstances, antibiotics may be withheld pending the results of cultures, a strategy that leads to a delay in therapy when cultures are positive, and that may be associated with a worse clinical outcome.
We undertook a randomized pilot study to address the question: "In a critically ill patient for whom clinicians are uncertain whether infection may be present, and in whom potential sites of infection have been managed by removing or changing invasive devices, can a policy of delaying antibiotic treatment until cultures are available reduce the risks of excessive antibiotic use, without increasing the risks associated with delayed therapy?"
Recognizing that the question has not been formally addressed before, and that approaches to clinical management are both widely divergent and passionately held, our pilot study tested the feasibility and acceptability of undertaking a larger trial with sufficient power to determine equivalence.
Studieoversigt
Status
Status
Betingelser
Betingelser
Intervention / Behandling
Intervention / Behandling
Detaljeret beskrivelse
We randomized critically ill patients who had been in hospital for at least 72 hours, and in the ICU for at least 24 hours, and who manifested either a temperature >38.5 degrees, or a temperature>38.0 degrees and a white cell count >12,000, and in whom clinicians entertained the possibility of infection as a diagnosis, to either site-specific broad spectrum empiric antibiotics or the corresponding placebo. All patients underwent a comprehensive series of investigations to identify an infectious focus, and all patients had full source control, including changes of central lines and urinary catheters, and change of nasogastric to orogastric tubes.
Patients were maintained in assigned study arm for seven days, or until culture data were available, at which time they were switched to culture-guided narrow spectrum therapy
Undersøgelsestype
Undersøgelsestype
Tilmelding
Tilmelding
Fase
Fase
- Fase 2
Kontakter og lokationer
Studiesteder
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Ontario
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Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 2C4
- University Health Network
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Deltagelseskriterier
Berettigelseskriterier
Berettigelseskriterier
Aldre berettiget til at studere
Tager imod sunde frivillige
Køn, der er berettiget til at studere
Beskrivelse
Inclusion Criteria:
- In hospital > 72 hrs and in ICU > 24hrs, and
- Core temperature ≥38.5°C, or temperature ≥ 38.0°C with a WBC>12,000/mm3, or temperature ≤ 36.0°C with a WBC > 12,000/mm3
- Suspicion of infection
Exclusion Criteria:
- Age < 18 years
- Imminent death (within 24 hrs) or withdrawal of aggressive therapy
- Prosthetic heart valve or vascular graft
- Neutropenia (Absolute neutrophil count < 1000/mm3)
- Received > 16 hours of a broad spectrum antibiotic in the last 24 hours (3rd gen cephalosporin, fluoroquinolone, carbapenem, anti-pseudomonal penicillin) or any combination therapy
- History of allergic reaction to both study medications
New physical findings consistent with infection:
- Meningeal signs
- Peritonitis + free air on Abdo x-ray
- Soft tissue infection / cellulitis
- Murmur & suspicion of endocarditis
- Newly available (within past 24 hours) culture results consistent with infection
Studieplan
Hvordan er undersøgelsen tilrettelagt?
Design detaljer
- Primært formål: Behandling
- Tildeling: Randomiseret
- Interventionel model: Parallel tildeling
- Maskning: Dobbelt
Hvad måler undersøgelsen?
Primære resultatmål
Primære resultatmål
Resultatmål |
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Feasibility: = % of eligible patients who were consented and randomized
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Acceptability: = % of patients in each study arm who were switched to open label therapy prior to culture results
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Sekundære resultatmål
Sekundære resultatmål
Resultatmål |
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ICU-free days
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Mortality (14, 30, 90 day)
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Microbial resistance patterns
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Antibiotic-free days
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Change in organ dysfunction (MOD scores)
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Samarbejdspartnere og efterforskere
Sponsor
Sponsor
Samarbejdspartnere
Samarbejdspartnere
Efterforskere
Efterforskere
- Ledende efterforsker: Mary-Anne W Aarts, MD MSc, University of Toronto
- Ledende efterforsker: John C Marshall, MD, University of Toronto
Datoer for undersøgelser
Studer store datoer
Studiestart
Studiestart
Studieafslutning
Studieafslutning
Datoer for studieregistrering
Først indsendt
Først indsendt
Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier
Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier
Først opslået (Skøn)
Først opslået
Opdateringer af undersøgelsesjournaler
Sidste opdatering sendt (Skøn)
Sidste opdatering sendt
Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier
Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier
Sidst verificeret
Sidst verificeret
Mere information
Begreber relateret til denne undersøgelse
Yderligere relevante MeSH-vilkår
- Patologiske processer
- Betændelse
- Sygdomsegenskaber
- Iatrogen sygdom
- Stød
- Ændringer i kropstemperaturen
- Infektioner
- Kritisk sygdom
- Feber
- Systemisk inflammatorisk responssyndrom
- Krydsinfektion
- Molekylære mekanismer for farmakologisk virkning
- Anti-infektionsmidler
- Enzymhæmmere
- Antineoplastiske midler
- Topoisomerase II-hæmmere
- Topoisomerasehæmmere
- Antibakterielle midler
- Cytokrom P-450 enzymhæmmere
- Antiprotozoale midler
- Antiparasitære midler
- Cytokrom P-450 CYP1A2-hæmmere
- beta-lactamasehæmmere
- Metronidazol
- Ciprofloxacin
- Cefazolin
- Meropenem
- Piperacillin
- Tazobactam
- Piperacillin, Tazobactam lægemiddelkombination
Andre undersøgelses-id-numre
Andre undersøgelses-id-numre
- AATICC Pilot Study
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