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Immersive Healing: Virtual Realitys terapeutiske potentiale

6. november 2026 opdateret af: Wake Forest University Health Sciences

Immersive Healing: Det terapeutiske potentiale af Virtual Reality i Phantom Limb Experience

Phantom limb pain (PLP) is a significant and pervasive issue among upper limb amputees, severely impacting their quality of life. The literature delineating prevalence of upper versus lower limb amputations is limited, but the prevalence of total amputations in the United States is estimated to reach 3 million individuals by 2050, with approximately 185,000 new cases annually. PLP affects 60-68% of these patients, leading to heightened levels of anxiety, depression, and reduced overall well-being.

Studieoversigt

Status

Afsluttet

Betingelser

Intervention / Behandling

Detaljeret beskrivelse

Although studies exploring the efficacy of VR therapy for PLP have reported positive outcomes, several limitations, such as small sample sizes, lack of randomization, and inconsistent treatment protocols, have impeded widespread adoption of these innovative approaches. Additionally, the literature does not sufficiently delineate which aspects of the phantom limb experience may be addressed with VR therapy. To overcome these limitations and optimize treatment efficacy, it is crucial to gain a comprehensive understanding of the phantom limb experience, including both somatosensory and kinesthesia-related symptoms. Additionally, this study will address these limitations by employing a larger sample size, rigorous methodology, and a standardized treatment protocol.

Undersøgelsestype

Interventionel

Tilmelding (Faktiske)

80

Fase

  • Ikke anvendelig

Kontakter og lokationer

Dette afsnit indeholder kontaktoplysninger for dem, der udfører undersøgelsen, og oplysninger om, hvor denne undersøgelse udføres.

Studiesteder

    • North Carolina
      • Charlotte, North Carolina, Forenede Stater, 28207
        • OrthoCarolina Hand Center

Deltagelseskriterier

Forskere leder efter personer, der passer til en bestemt beskrivelse, kaldet berettigelseskriterier. Nogle eksempler på disse kriterier er en persons generelle helbredstilstand eller tidligere behandlinger.

Berettigelseskriterier

Aldre berettiget til at studere

18 år og ældre (Voksen, Ældre voksen)

Tager imod sunde frivillige

Ingen

Køn, der er berettiget til at studere

Alle

Beskrivelse

Inclusion Criteria:

  • History of major limb amputation
  • Age > 18 years old
  • Presence of phantom limb pain or negative phantom sensation(s)

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Active mental illness, neurological disease, or cognitive impairment that would interfere with survey completion
  • Those without phantom limb pain or negative phantom limb sensations
  • Non-English speaking

Studieplan

Dette afsnit indeholder detaljer om studieplanen, herunder hvordan undersøgelsen er designet, og hvad undersøgelsen måler.

Hvordan er undersøgelsen tilrettelagt?

Design detaljer

  • Primært formål: Behandling
  • Tildeling: Ikke-randomiseret
  • Interventionel model: Parallel tildeling
  • Maskning: Ingen (Åben etiket)

Våben og indgreb

Deltagergruppe / Arm
Intervention / Behandling
Eksperimentel: Virtual Reality (VR) Intervention

Individuals undergoing virtual reality therapy intervention

6 2 times weekly sessions of 30-minute VR therapy in the office with pre- and post-intervention surveys

Andre navne:
  • VR-intervention
Sham-komparator: Matched Control

The matched controls will receive standard care without the VR intervention

taking the same surveys as the VR intervention group on a weekly basis for 6 weeks

Andre navne:
  • kontrolgruppe

Hvad måler undersøgelsen?

Primære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Phantom limb pain levels using Short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ)
Tidsramme: Baseline

Short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire - The maximum score an individual can reach on the MPQ is 78. According to the questionnaire, a person with a score of 0 effectively does not experience pain. A person with a high score, nearer to the highest score of 78, more than likely deals with chronic pain daily.

Baseline
Phantom limb pain levels using Short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ)
Tidsramme: Week 1

Short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire - The maximum score an individual can reach on the MPQ is 78. According to the questionnaire, a person with a score of 0 effectively does not experience pain. A person with a high score, nearer to the highest score of 78, more than likely deals with chronic pain daily.

Week 1
Phantom limb pain levels using Short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ)
Tidsramme: Week 2

Short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire - The maximum score an individual can reach on the MPQ is 78. According to the questionnaire, a person with a score of 0 effectively does not experience pain. A person with a high score, nearer to the highest score of 78, more than likely deals with chronic pain daily.

Week 2
Phantom limb pain levels using Short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ)
Tidsramme: Week 3

Short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire - The maximum score an individual can reach on the MPQ is 78. According to the questionnaire, a person with a score of 0 effectively does not experience pain. A person with a high score, nearer to the highest score of 78, more than likely deals with chronic pain daily.

Week 3
Phantom limb pain levels using Short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ)
Tidsramme: Week 6

Short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire - The maximum score an individual can reach on the MPQ is 78. According to the questionnaire, a person with a score of 0 effectively does not experience pain. A person with a high score, nearer to the highest score of 78, more than likely deals with chronic pain daily.

Week 6

Sekundære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Change in Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) scores
Tidsramme: Hour 24

Worst Pain Score: 1 - 4 = Mild Pain. Worst Pain Score: 5 - 6 = Moderate Pain. Worst Pain Score: 7 - 10 = Severe Pain - Scores range from 0 to 10 with higher scores indicating greater pain interference.

Hour 24
Change in Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ) scores
Tidsramme: Week 6

A short form of the McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ) has been developed. The main component of the SF-MPQ consists of 15 descriptors (11 sensory; 4 affective) which are rated on an intensity scale as 0 = none, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate or 3 = severe.

Consists of 22 different descriptors of pain and each item is rated based on a 0-10 scale with 0 equal to no pain and 10 equal to the worst pain ever during the past week. The total score is calculated by summing 22 individual scores.

Week 6
Phantom Limb Experience Survey score
Tidsramme: Baseline

it is qualitative and there is no good or bad, this is just to define the population and better characterize phantom limb experience - assesses presence, onset, location, character, intensity, triggers, and treatment of phantom limb sensations and phantom limb pain. Includes questions on phantom limb posture, movement, size changes, and telescoping.

Baseline
Change in Virtual Reality (VR) Therapy Survey scores
Tidsramme: Week 6

There are several questions within this survey to assess attitude towards VR, which activities are favored and then the effect VR had on them. There is a mix of qualitative questions and quantitative. Quantitative questions are on Likert Scale 1-5. An interval change of +1 on Likert scale would be "good" for question on posture, control over limb. For how long the therapy effect lasts after session is over, it will vary from hours to days to weeks (which is why all descriptors are in there). Even if it lasted 1 hour this would be considered "good".

Week 6
System Usability Scale
Tidsramme: Week 6

Assesses subjective usability and satisfaction with the VR system - A perfect score of 100% signifies flawless usability and an exceptional user experience. The average SUS score is 68, and scores up to 70% are generally considered good; a good sus score indicates a decent level of usability.

Week 6
Simulator Sickness Questionnaire
Tidsramme: Week 6

negligible (< 5), minimal (5 - 10), significant (10 - 15), and concerning (15 - 20) symptoms. A simulator resulting in total scores above 20 is considered "bad"

Week 6
Change in EuroQol-5 Dimensions-5 Levels (EQ-5D-5L) scores
Tidsramme: Week 6

Each dimension has 5 levels: no problems, slight problems, moderate problems, severe problems and extreme problems. The patient is asked to indicate his/her health state by ticking the box next to the most appropriate statement in each of the five dimensions.EQ-5D-5L index scores range from -0.59 to 1, where 1 is the best possible health state

Week 6

Samarbejdspartnere og efterforskere

Det er her, du vil finde personer og organisationer, der er involveret i denne undersøgelse.

Sponsor

Efterforskere

  • Ledende efterforsker: Glenn Gaston, MD, Atrium Health Musculoskeletal Institute

Datoer for undersøgelser

Disse datoer sporer fremskridtene for indsendelser af undersøgelsesrekord og resumeresultater til ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieregistreringer og rapporterede resultater gennemgås af National Library of Medicine (NLM) for at sikre, at de opfylder specifikke kvalitetskontrolstandarder, før de offentliggøres på den offentlige hjemmeside.

Studer store datoer

Studiestart (Faktiske)

21. december 2023

Primær færdiggørelse (Faktiske)

4. september 2026

Studieafslutning (Faktiske)

4. september 2026

Datoer for studieregistrering

Først indsendt

4. oktober 2023

Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier

4. oktober 2023

Først opslået (Faktiske)

11. oktober 2023

Opdateringer af undersøgelsesjournaler

Sidste opdatering sendt (Faktiske)

9. november 2026

Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier

6. november 2026

Sidst verificeret

1. juli 2026

Mere information

Begreber relateret til denne undersøgelse

Andre undersøgelses-id-numre

  • IRB00100006

Plan for individuelle deltagerdata (IPD)

Planlægger du at dele individuelle deltagerdata (IPD)?

JA

IPD-planbeskrivelse

Individual Participant Data that underlie the results reported in this article, after deidentification

IPD-delingstidsramme

Beginning 3 months and ending 5 years following article publication

IPD-delingsadgangskriterier

Researchers who provide a methodologically sound proposal

IPD-deling Understøttende informationstype

  • STUDY_PROTOCOL
  • SAP
  • ANALYTIC_CODE

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Ja

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