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Midwife-Led Antenatal Perineal Massage Education in Primiparous Pregnant Women (APM-EDU)

12. maj 2026 opdateret af: Atlas University

The Effect of Midwife-Led Antenatal Perineal Massage Education on Pregnancy Empowerment, Self-Efficacy for Normal Birth, and Fear of Childbirth

This study aims to evaluate the effect of midwife-led antenatal perineal massage education on pregnancy empowerment, self-efficacy for normal birth, and fear of childbirth among primiparous pregnant women. The study is designed as a controlled quasi-experimental study and will be conducted at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Outpatient Clinic of Silifke State Hospital in Mersin, Turkey.

Eligible participants will be primiparous pregnant women aged 18-35 years, between 28 and 34 weeks of gestation, with a singleton pregnancy and a plan for vaginal birth. Participants in the intervention group will receive structured antenatal perineal massage education led by a midwife, in addition to routine antenatal care. Participants in the control group will receive routine antenatal care.

The primary outcome will be pregnancy empowerment. Secondary outcomes will include self-efficacy for normal birth, fear of childbirth, knowledge and preferences regarding antenatal perineal massage, and adherence to antenatal perineal massage practice.

Studieoversigt

Status

Ikke rekrutterer endnu

Betingelser

Intervention / Behandling

Detaljeret beskrivelse

This controlled quasi-experimental study will evaluate the effect of a structured midwife-led antenatal perineal massage education program on pregnancy empowerment, self-efficacy for normal birth, and fear of childbirth among primiparous pregnant women. The study will be conducted at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Outpatient Clinic of Silifke State Hospital in Mersin, Turkey, after ethics committee approval.

The study population will consist of pregnant women attending the Obstetrics and Gynecology Outpatient Clinic of Silifke State Hospital. Eligible participants will be women aged 18-35 years who are at least primary school graduates, able to communicate in Turkish, between 28 and 34 weeks of gestation, primiparous, carrying a singleton pregnancy, planning a vaginal birth, able to use a smartphone, and have internet access. Women with an indication for planned cesarean section, a history of perineal surgery, an active genital infection or lesion, or cognitive, communication-related, or psychiatric conditions that prevent completion of study forms will be excluded.

The planned sample size is 152 pregnant women, with 76 participants in the intervention group and 76 participants in the control group. The sample size was calculated using G*Power version 3.1.9.7 based on a two-tailed test, a significance level of 0.05, statistical power of 80%, and an assumed medium effect size of Cohen's d = 0.50. The minimum required sample size was calculated as 64 participants per group, and the target sample size was increased to 76 participants per group to account for potential attrition or missing data.

Participants in the intervention group will receive structured midwife-led antenatal perineal massage education in addition to routine antenatal care. The educational content will include the importance of pelvic health, preparation for antenatal perineal massage, antenatal perineal massage technique, and maintenance of pelvic health. The intervention is intended to improve women's knowledge and practice of antenatal perineal massage and to support empowerment, confidence regarding normal birth, and reduction of fear related to childbirth. Participants in the control group will receive routine antenatal care provided at the study hospital.

Data will be collected using a Participant Information Form, the Antenatal Perineal Massage Knowledge and Preference Form, the Pregnancy Empowerment Scale, the Self-Efficacy Scale for Normal Birth, the Childbirth Attitudes Scale, and the Antenatal Perineal Massage Follow-up Form. The primary outcome will be change in pregnancy empowerment. Secondary outcomes will include change in self-efficacy for normal birth, change in fear of childbirth, antenatal perineal massage knowledge and preferences, and adherence to antenatal perineal massage practice.

Baseline data will be collected before the intervention. Post-intervention data will be collected after completion of the antenatal perineal massage education and follow-up period, according to the study protocol. The study is planned to be conducted between May 15, 2026 and December 31, 2026.

Undersøgelsestype

Interventionel

Tilmelding (Anslået)

152

Fase

  • Ikke anvendelig

Kontakter og lokationer

Dette afsnit indeholder kontaktoplysninger for dem, der udfører undersøgelsen, og oplysninger om, hvor denne undersøgelse udføres.

Studiekontakt

Studiesteder

    • Silifke
      • Mersin, Silifke, Tyrkiet (Türkiye), 33960
        • Silifke State Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Outpatient Clinic
        • Kontakt:
        • Ledende efterforsker:
          • Sümeyra Dilek Soydan, Master's degree

Deltagelseskriterier

Forskere leder efter personer, der passer til en bestemt beskrivelse, kaldet berettigelseskriterier. Nogle eksempler på disse kriterier er en persons generelle helbredstilstand eller tidligere behandlinger.

Berettigelseskriterier

Aldre berettiget til at studere

  • Voksen

Tager imod sunde frivillige

Ja

Beskrivelse

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Women aged 18 to 35 years
  • At least primary school graduates
  • Able to communicate in Turkish
  • Between 28 and 34 weeks of gestation
  • Primiparous pregnant women
  • Singleton pregnancy
  • Planning vaginal birth
  • Able to use a smartphone
  • Having internet access
  • Willing to participate in the study and providing informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Having an indication for planned cesarean section
  • History of perineal surgery
  • Presence of active genital infection or genital lesion
  • Cognitive, communication-related, or psychiatric condition that may prevent completion of the study forms
  • Refusal to participate in the study
  • Withdrawal from the study during the study process
  • Failure to complete the educational intervention
  • Missing pre-test or post-test data

Studieplan

Dette afsnit indeholder detaljer om studieplanen, herunder hvordan undersøgelsen er designet, og hvad undersøgelsen måler.

Hvordan er undersøgelsen tilrettelagt?

Design detaljer

  • Primært formål: Støttende pleje
  • Tildeling: Ikke-randomiseret
  • Interventionel model: Parallel tildeling
  • Maskning: Ingen (Åben etiket)

Våben og indgreb

Deltagergruppe / Arm
Intervention / Behandling
Ingen indgriben: Control Group
Participants in the control group will receive routine antenatal care provided at the study hospital. Data from the control group will be collected before the intervention group to minimize contamination and reduce the possibility of access to the educational intervention.
Eksperimentel: APM Education Group
Participants in the intervention group will receive structured midwife-led antenatal perineal massage education in addition to routine antenatal care. The intervention will be implemented after completion of control group data collection to minimize contamination between groups.
The intervention is a structured midwife-led antenatal perineal massage education program delivered to primiparous pregnant women in the third trimester. The educational content includes the importance of pelvic health, preparation for antenatal perineal massage, antenatal perineal massage technique, and maintenance of pelvic health. The program is designed to improve knowledge and practice regarding antenatal perineal massage and to support pregnancy empowerment, self-efficacy for normal birth, and reduction of fear of childbirth.

Hvad måler undersøgelsen?

Primære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Change in Pregnancy Empowerment
Tidsramme: Baseline and 4 weeks after completion of the education program
Pregnancy empowerment will be assessed using the Pregnancy Empowerment Scale. The outcome will be evaluated by comparing scores between baseline and post-intervention assessment. Higher scores indicate higher pregnancy empowerment.
Baseline and 4 weeks after completion of the education program

Sekundære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Change in Self-Efficacy for Normal Birth
Tidsramme: Baseline and 4 weeks after completion of the education program
Self-efficacy for normal birth will be assessed using the Self-Efficacy Scale for Normal Birth. The scale will be administered at baseline and 4 weeks after completion of the education program. Change in self-efficacy for normal birth will be evaluated by comparing baseline and post-test scores. Higher scores indicate higher perceived self-efficacy for normal birth.
Baseline and 4 weeks after completion of the education program
Change in Fear of Childbirth
Tidsramme: Baseline and 4 weeks after completion of the education program
Fear of childbirth will be assessed using the Childbirth Attitudes Scale. The scale will be administered at baseline and 4 weeks after completion of the education program. Change in fear of childbirth will be evaluated by comparing baseline and post-test scores.
Baseline and 4 weeks after completion of the education program

Andre resultatmål

Resultatmål
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Immediate Change in Antenatal Perineal Massage Knowledge
Tidsramme: Baseline and immediately after completion of the education program
Antenatal perineal massage knowledge will be assessed using the Antenatal Perineal Massage Knowledge and Preference Form developed for this study. The form will be administered at baseline and immediately after completion of the education program. Immediate change in knowledge will be evaluated by comparing baseline and immediate post-intervention scores. Higher scores indicate higher knowledge regarding antenatal perineal massage.
Baseline and immediately after completion of the education program

Samarbejdspartnere og efterforskere

Det er her, du vil finde personer og organisationer, der er involveret i denne undersøgelse.

Sponsor

Efterforskere

  • Studiestol: Filiz Okumuş, Assoc. Prof. Dr., Atlas University

Datoer for undersøgelser

Disse datoer sporer fremskridtene for indsendelser af undersøgelsesrekord og resumeresultater til ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieregistreringer og rapporterede resultater gennemgås af National Library of Medicine (NLM) for at sikre, at de opfylder specifikke kvalitetskontrolstandarder, før de offentliggøres på den offentlige hjemmeside.

Studer store datoer

Studiestart (Anslået)

15. maj 2026

Primær færdiggørelse (Anslået)

15. november 2026

Studieafslutning (Anslået)

31. december 2026

Datoer for studieregistrering

Først indsendt

12. maj 2026

Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier

12. maj 2026

Først opslået (Faktiske)

18. maj 2026

Opdateringer af undersøgelsesjournaler

Sidste opdatering sendt (Faktiske)

18. maj 2026

Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier

12. maj 2026

Sidst verificeret

1. maj 2026

Mere information

Begreber relateret til denne undersøgelse

Andre undersøgelses-id-numre

  • APM-EDU-SILIFKE-2026-001
  • E-22686390-050.99-96214 (Anden identifikator: Istanbul Atlas University Non-Interventional Scientific Research Ethics Committee)

Plan for individuelle deltagerdata (IPD)

Planlægger du at dele individuelle deltagerdata (IPD)?

INGEN

IPD-planbeskrivelse

Individual participant data will not be shared because the study involves pregnant women and the informed consent documents do not include permission for sharing individual-level participant data with external researchers. Aggregate study results may be reported in scientific publications.

Lægemiddel- og udstyrsoplysninger, undersøgelsesdokumenter

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