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Midwife-Led Antenatal Perineal Massage Education in Primiparous Pregnant Women (APM-EDU)

12 maggio 2026 aggiornato da: Atlas University

The Effect of Midwife-Led Antenatal Perineal Massage Education on Pregnancy Empowerment, Self-Efficacy for Normal Birth, and Fear of Childbirth

This study aims to evaluate the effect of midwife-led antenatal perineal massage education on pregnancy empowerment, self-efficacy for normal birth, and fear of childbirth among primiparous pregnant women. The study is designed as a controlled quasi-experimental study and will be conducted at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Outpatient Clinic of Silifke State Hospital in Mersin, Turkey.

Eligible participants will be primiparous pregnant women aged 18-35 years, between 28 and 34 weeks of gestation, with a singleton pregnancy and a plan for vaginal birth. Participants in the intervention group will receive structured antenatal perineal massage education led by a midwife, in addition to routine antenatal care. Participants in the control group will receive routine antenatal care.

The primary outcome will be pregnancy empowerment. Secondary outcomes will include self-efficacy for normal birth, fear of childbirth, knowledge and preferences regarding antenatal perineal massage, and adherence to antenatal perineal massage practice.

Panoramica dello studio

Stato

Non ancora reclutamento

Condizioni

Intervento / Trattamento

Descrizione dettagliata

This controlled quasi-experimental study will evaluate the effect of a structured midwife-led antenatal perineal massage education program on pregnancy empowerment, self-efficacy for normal birth, and fear of childbirth among primiparous pregnant women. The study will be conducted at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Outpatient Clinic of Silifke State Hospital in Mersin, Turkey, after ethics committee approval.

The study population will consist of pregnant women attending the Obstetrics and Gynecology Outpatient Clinic of Silifke State Hospital. Eligible participants will be women aged 18-35 years who are at least primary school graduates, able to communicate in Turkish, between 28 and 34 weeks of gestation, primiparous, carrying a singleton pregnancy, planning a vaginal birth, able to use a smartphone, and have internet access. Women with an indication for planned cesarean section, a history of perineal surgery, an active genital infection or lesion, or cognitive, communication-related, or psychiatric conditions that prevent completion of study forms will be excluded.

The planned sample size is 152 pregnant women, with 76 participants in the intervention group and 76 participants in the control group. The sample size was calculated using G*Power version 3.1.9.7 based on a two-tailed test, a significance level of 0.05, statistical power of 80%, and an assumed medium effect size of Cohen's d = 0.50. The minimum required sample size was calculated as 64 participants per group, and the target sample size was increased to 76 participants per group to account for potential attrition or missing data.

Participants in the intervention group will receive structured midwife-led antenatal perineal massage education in addition to routine antenatal care. The educational content will include the importance of pelvic health, preparation for antenatal perineal massage, antenatal perineal massage technique, and maintenance of pelvic health. The intervention is intended to improve women's knowledge and practice of antenatal perineal massage and to support empowerment, confidence regarding normal birth, and reduction of fear related to childbirth. Participants in the control group will receive routine antenatal care provided at the study hospital.

Data will be collected using a Participant Information Form, the Antenatal Perineal Massage Knowledge and Preference Form, the Pregnancy Empowerment Scale, the Self-Efficacy Scale for Normal Birth, the Childbirth Attitudes Scale, and the Antenatal Perineal Massage Follow-up Form. The primary outcome will be change in pregnancy empowerment. Secondary outcomes will include change in self-efficacy for normal birth, change in fear of childbirth, antenatal perineal massage knowledge and preferences, and adherence to antenatal perineal massage practice.

Baseline data will be collected before the intervention. Post-intervention data will be collected after completion of the antenatal perineal massage education and follow-up period, according to the study protocol. The study is planned to be conducted between May 15, 2026 and December 31, 2026.

Tipo di studio

Interventistico

Iscrizione (Stimato)

152

Fase

  • Non applicabile

Contatti e Sedi

Questa sezione fornisce i recapiti di coloro che conducono lo studio e informazioni su dove viene condotto lo studio.

Contatto studio

Luoghi di studio

    • Silifke
      • Mersin, Silifke, Turchia (Türkiye), 33960
        • Silifke State Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Outpatient Clinic
        • Contatto:
        • Investigatore principale:
          • Sümeyra Dilek Soydan, Master's degree

Criteri di partecipazione

I ricercatori cercano persone che corrispondano a una certa descrizione, chiamata criteri di ammissibilità. Alcuni esempi di questi criteri sono le condizioni generali di salute di una persona o trattamenti precedenti.

Criteri di ammissibilità

Età idonea allo studio

  • Adulto

Accetta volontari sani

Sì

Descrizione

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Women aged 18 to 35 years
  • At least primary school graduates
  • Able to communicate in Turkish
  • Between 28 and 34 weeks of gestation
  • Primiparous pregnant women
  • Singleton pregnancy
  • Planning vaginal birth
  • Able to use a smartphone
  • Having internet access
  • Willing to participate in the study and providing informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Having an indication for planned cesarean section
  • History of perineal surgery
  • Presence of active genital infection or genital lesion
  • Cognitive, communication-related, or psychiatric condition that may prevent completion of the study forms
  • Refusal to participate in the study
  • Withdrawal from the study during the study process
  • Failure to complete the educational intervention
  • Missing pre-test or post-test data

Piano di studio

Questa sezione fornisce i dettagli del piano di studio, compreso il modo in cui lo studio è progettato e ciò che lo studio sta misurando.

Come è strutturato lo studio?

Dettagli di progettazione

  • Scopo principale: Terapia di supporto
  • Assegnazione: Non randomizzato
  • Modello interventistico: Assegnazione parallela
  • Mascheramento: Nessuno (etichetta aperta)

Armi e interventi

Gruppo di partecipanti / Arm
Intervento / Trattamento
Nessun intervento: Control Group
Participants in the control group will receive routine antenatal care provided at the study hospital. Data from the control group will be collected before the intervention group to minimize contamination and reduce the possibility of access to the educational intervention.
Sperimentale: APM Education Group
Participants in the intervention group will receive structured midwife-led antenatal perineal massage education in addition to routine antenatal care. The intervention will be implemented after completion of control group data collection to minimize contamination between groups.
The intervention is a structured midwife-led antenatal perineal massage education program delivered to primiparous pregnant women in the third trimester. The educational content includes the importance of pelvic health, preparation for antenatal perineal massage, antenatal perineal massage technique, and maintenance of pelvic health. The program is designed to improve knowledge and practice regarding antenatal perineal massage and to support pregnancy empowerment, self-efficacy for normal birth, and reduction of fear of childbirth.

Cosa sta misurando lo studio?

Misure di risultato primarie

Misura del risultato
Misura Descrizione
Lasso di tempo
Change in Pregnancy Empowerment
Lasso di tempo: Baseline and 4 weeks after completion of the education program
Pregnancy empowerment will be assessed using the Pregnancy Empowerment Scale. The outcome will be evaluated by comparing scores between baseline and post-intervention assessment. Higher scores indicate higher pregnancy empowerment.
Baseline and 4 weeks after completion of the education program

Misure di risultato secondarie

Misura del risultato
Misura Descrizione
Lasso di tempo
Change in Self-Efficacy for Normal Birth
Lasso di tempo: Baseline and 4 weeks after completion of the education program
Self-efficacy for normal birth will be assessed using the Self-Efficacy Scale for Normal Birth. The scale will be administered at baseline and 4 weeks after completion of the education program. Change in self-efficacy for normal birth will be evaluated by comparing baseline and post-test scores. Higher scores indicate higher perceived self-efficacy for normal birth.
Baseline and 4 weeks after completion of the education program
Change in Fear of Childbirth
Lasso di tempo: Baseline and 4 weeks after completion of the education program
Fear of childbirth will be assessed using the Childbirth Attitudes Scale. The scale will be administered at baseline and 4 weeks after completion of the education program. Change in fear of childbirth will be evaluated by comparing baseline and post-test scores.
Baseline and 4 weeks after completion of the education program

Altre misure di risultato

Misura del risultato
Misura Descrizione
Lasso di tempo
Immediate Change in Antenatal Perineal Massage Knowledge
Lasso di tempo: Baseline and immediately after completion of the education program
Antenatal perineal massage knowledge will be assessed using the Antenatal Perineal Massage Knowledge and Preference Form developed for this study. The form will be administered at baseline and immediately after completion of the education program. Immediate change in knowledge will be evaluated by comparing baseline and immediate post-intervention scores. Higher scores indicate higher knowledge regarding antenatal perineal massage.
Baseline and immediately after completion of the education program

Collaboratori e investigatori

Qui è dove troverai le persone e le organizzazioni coinvolte in questo studio.

Sponsor

Investigatori

  • Cattedra di studio: Filiz Okumuş, Assoc. Prof. Dr., Atlas University

Studiare le date dei record

Queste date tengono traccia dell'avanzamento della registrazione dello studio e dell'invio dei risultati di sintesi a ClinicalTrials.gov. I record degli studi e i risultati riportati vengono esaminati dalla National Library of Medicine (NLM) per assicurarsi che soddisfino specifici standard di controllo della qualità prima di essere pubblicati sul sito Web pubblico.

Studia le date principali

Inizio studio (Stimato)

15 maggio 2026

Completamento primario (Stimato)

15 novembre 2026

Completamento dello studio (Stimato)

31 dicembre 2026

Date di iscrizione allo studio

Primo inviato

12 maggio 2026

Primo inviato che soddisfa i criteri di controllo qualità

12 maggio 2026

Primo Inserito (Effettivo)

18 maggio 2026

Aggiornamenti dei record di studio

Ultimo aggiornamento pubblicato (Effettivo)

18 maggio 2026

Ultimo aggiornamento inviato che soddisfa i criteri QC

12 maggio 2026

Ultimo verificato

1 maggio 2026

Maggiori informazioni

Termini relativi a questo studio

Altri numeri di identificazione dello studio

  • APM-EDU-SILIFKE-2026-001
  • E-22686390-050.99-96214 (Altro identificatore: Istanbul Atlas University Non-Interventional Scientific Research Ethics Committee)

Piano per i dati dei singoli partecipanti (IPD)

Hai intenzione di condividere i dati dei singoli partecipanti (IPD)?

NO

Descrizione del piano IPD

Individual participant data will not be shared because the study involves pregnant women and the informed consent documents do not include permission for sharing individual-level participant data with external researchers. Aggregate study results may be reported in scientific publications.

Informazioni su farmaci e dispositivi, documenti di studio

Studia un prodotto farmaceutico regolamentato dalla FDA degli Stati Uniti

No

Studia un dispositivo regolamentato dalla FDA degli Stati Uniti

No

Queste informazioni sono state recuperate direttamente dal sito web clinicaltrials.gov senza alcuna modifica. In caso di richieste di modifica, rimozione o aggiornamento dei dettagli dello studio, contattare register@clinicaltrials.gov. Non appena verrà implementata una modifica su clinicaltrials.gov, questa verrà aggiornata automaticamente anche sul nostro sito web .