A Large Language Model in Outpatient Care
A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial of a Large Language Model in Outpatient Care
The goal of this clinical trial is to learn how the use of a large language model (LLM) based tool affects outpatient clinical care in adult patients attending general hospital outpatient clinics. The main questions it aims to answer are:
Does the use of an LLM-based tool affect the efficiency of outpatient visits? Does the use of an LLM-based tool affect the experience of doctors and patients during outpatient care?
Researchers will compare outpatient visits supported by an LLM-based tool to standard outpatient visits without such a tool, to see whether and how the tool influences the care process and the experiences of doctors and patients.
Participants will:
Take part in outpatient visits that may or may not involve an LLM-based tool, depending on their assigned group Complete a short questionnaire about their visit experience after the consultation
Studieoversigt
Status
Status
Betingelser
Betingelser
Intervention / Behandling
Intervention / Behandling
Undersøgelsestype
Undersøgelsestype
Tilmelding (Anslået)
Tilmelding
Fase
Fase
- Ikke anvendelig
Deltagelseskriterier
Berettigelseskriterier
Berettigelseskriterier
Aldre berettiget til at studere
- Voksen
- Ældre voksen
Tager imod sunde frivillige
Beskrivelse
Inclusion Criteria:
Doctors:
- Licensed physicians providing outpatient consultations at a participating study hospital
- Expected to complete a sufficient number of outpatient clinic sessions during the study period
- Provides written informed consent
Patients:
- Age 18 years or older
- Attending an outpatient consultation with a participating doctor
- Able to interact with the tool using an internet-connected device such as a smartphone
- Provides written informed consent
Exclusion Criteria:
Patients:
- Psychiatric conditions, unstable vital signs, or other medical situations considered unsuitable for AI-based interaction
- Declines to provide informed consent
Studieplan
Hvordan er undersøgelsen tilrettelagt?
Design detaljer
- Primært formål: Sundhedstjenesteforskning
- Tildeling: Randomiseret
- Interventionel model: Crossover opgave
- Maskning: Enkelt
Antal våben
Våben og indgreb
Deltagergruppe / ArmDeltagergruppe / Arm |
Intervention / BehandlingIntervention / Behandling |
|---|---|
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Ingen indgriben: Standard Outpatient Care (No AI)
Neither doctors nor patients use a large language model based tool.
Outpatient consultations and documentation are conducted following routine clinical practice.
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Eksperimentel: Outpatient Care With a Large Language Model Tool
Before the consultation, patients complete an AI-based pre-consultation interaction.
During the visit, a large language model based tool is available to support the outpatient consultation process.
Doctors may refer to the tool during the visit.
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A large language model based tool is introduced into the outpatient consultation workflow to support the consultation and documentation process.
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Eksperimentel: Outpatient Care With a Large Language Model Tool and Workflow Support
Before the consultation, patients complete an AI-based pre-consultation interaction.
During the visit, a large language model based tool is used together with additional workflow support to integrate the tool's output into the outpatient consultation process.
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Additional workflow support is provided to integrate the output of the large language model based tool into the consultation process, approximating a more integrated deployment of the tool.
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Hvad måler undersøgelsen?
Primære resultatmål
Primære resultatmål
Resultatmål |
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse |
Tidsramme |
|---|---|---|
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Duration of the Outpatient Consultation
Tidsramme: During the outpatient visit
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Time of the outpatient consultation, measured in milliseconds
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During the outpatient visit
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Doctor-Reported Efficiency of the Consultation
Tidsramme: Immediately after the consultation
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Doctor's self-rated efficiency of the consultation, measured on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = very low to 5 = very high), with higher scores indicating higher perceived efficiency.
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Immediately after the consultation
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Doctor-Reported Satisfaction With the Consultation Process
Tidsramme: Immediately after the consultation
|
Doctor's satisfaction with the consultation process, measured on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = very low to 5 = very high), with higher scores indicating higher satisfaction.
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Immediately after the consultation
|
Sekundære resultatmål
Sekundære resultatmål
Resultatmål |
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse |
Tidsramme |
|---|---|---|
|
Doctor-Reported Efficiency of Obtaining Patient Information
Tidsramme: Immediately after the consultation
|
Doctor's self-rated efficiency in obtaining the patient's clinical information (such as symptoms, history, prior examinations) during the consultation, measured on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = very low to 5 = very high); higher scores indicate higher efficiency.
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Immediately after the consultation
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Doctor-Reported Cognitive Effort in Clinical Decision-Making
Tidsramme: Immediately after the consultation
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Doctor's self-rated cognitive effort invested in clinical decision-making during the consultation, measured on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = very low to 5 = very high); higher scores indicate greater effort.
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Immediately after the consultation
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Doctor-Reported Burden of Clinical Documentation
Tidsramme: Immediately after the consultation
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Doctor's self-rated burden of completing the outpatient medical record for the consultation, measured on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = very low to 5 = very high); higher scores indicate greater burden.
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Immediately after the consultation
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Doctor's Intention to Continue Using the Tool
Tidsramme: Within 1 week after the participating doctor completes all enrolled consultations
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Doctor's intention to continue using the large language model based tool in routine practice, measured on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = strongly unwilling to 5 = strongly willing); higher scores indicate stronger intention.
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Within 1 week after the participating doctor completes all enrolled consultations
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Patient Trust in the Physician
Tidsramme: Immediately after the consultation
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Patient's level of trust in the physician after the visit, measured on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = very low to 5 = very high); higher scores indicate greater trust.
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Immediately after the consultation
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Patient Satisfaction With the Visit
Tidsramme: Immediately after the consultation
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Patient's satisfaction with the visit, measured on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = very low to 5 = very high); higher scores indicate greater satisfaction.
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Immediately after the consultation
|
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Patient-Perceived Physician Attentiveness
Tidsramme: Immediately after the consultation
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Patient-perceived attentiveness of the physician during the visit, assessed by a multi-item measure and reported as a composite score on a 1-5 scale; higher scores indicate greater perceived attentiveness.
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Immediately after the consultation
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Patient Satisfaction With the AI Pre-Consultation (Arm 2 and Arm 3 )
Tidsramme: Immediately after the consultation
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Patient's satisfaction with the AI-based pre-consultation interaction, measured on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = very low to 5 = very high); higher scores indicate greater satisfaction.
Assessed only in Arm 2 and Arm 3.
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Immediately after the consultation
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Patient's Intention to Use AI Pre-Consultation in the Future (Arm 2 and Arm 3)
Tidsramme: Immediately after the consultation
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Patient's intention to use AI-based pre-consultation again in the future, measured on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = strongly unwilling to 5 = strongly willing); higher scores indicate stronger intention.
Assessed only in Arm 2 and Arm 3.
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Immediately after the consultation
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Samarbejdspartnere og efterforskere
Sponsor
Sponsor
Datoer for undersøgelser
Studer store datoer
Studiestart (Anslået)
Studiestart
Primær færdiggørelse (Anslået)
Primær færdiggørelse
Studieafslutning (Anslået)
Studieafslutning
Datoer for studieregistrering
Først indsendt
Først indsendt
Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier
Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier
Først opslået (Faktiske)
Først opslået
Opdateringer af undersøgelsesjournaler
Sidste opdatering sendt (Faktiske)
Sidste opdatering sendt
Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier
Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier
Sidst verificeret
Sidst verificeret
Mere information
Begreber relateret til denne undersøgelse
Andre undersøgelses-id-numre
Andre undersøgelses-id-numre
- THU-01-2026-0055
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