Evaluation of Virtual Reality Based Distraction on Anxiety and Pain Perception in Paediatric Dental Extraction (VR-PED)
"Evaluation of Virtual Reality Based Distraction on Anxiety and Pain Perception in Paediatric Dental Extraction: A Randomized Controlled Trial"
The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if virtual reality distraction can reduce dental anxiety and pain perception in children aged 6-10 years undergoing simple dental extraction. The main questions it aims to answer are:
Does virtual reality distraction lower dental anxiety compared to audio-visual distraction and conventional tell-show-do techniques?
Does virtual reality distraction reduce pain perception during dental extraction?
Researchers will compare virtual reality distraction, audio-visual distraction (2D cartoons with headset), and conventional tell-show-do with verbal distraction to see which method is most effective in improving child cooperation and reducing anxiety and pain.
Participants will:
Wear VR glasses to watch immersive 3D cartoons, or
Watch 2D cartoons with headset, or
Receive the conventional tell-show-do technique with verbal distraction.
Outcome measures will include child dental anxiety (CFSS-DS, VCARS), pain perception (Wong-Baker FACES), physiological parameters (pulse rate, SpO₂), and behavioral cooperation (Frankl scale).
Studieoversigt
Status
Status
Betingelser
Betingelser
Intervention / Behandling
Intervention / Behandling
Undersøgelsestype
Undersøgelsestype
Tilmelding (Anslået)
Tilmelding
Fase
Fase
- Ikke anvendelig
Kontakter og lokationer
Studiekontakt
Studiekontakt
- Navn: Dr.Zamzam AlQulhati Ali AlQulhati, BDS, MFD ( RSCI)
- Telefonnummer: +96895573313
- E-mail: zalqulhati@gmail.com
Undersøgelse Kontakt Backup
- Navn: Azza AlShidhani Khalid AlShidhani, DclinDent (Ed), MPaeds (RCSEd)
- Telefonnummer: +96895692669
- E-mail: azzak@squ.edu.om
Studiesteder
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Muscat, Oman
- Sultan Qaboos University Hospital - Dental & Maxillofacial Department
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Kontakt:
- Azza Khalid AlShidhani, DclinDent (Ed), MPaeds (RCSEd)
- Telefonnummer: +96895692669
- E-mail: Azzak@squ.edu.om
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Kontakt:
- Mohammed AlAzki, DSA
- Telefonnummer: +968-97674606
- E-mail: m.alazki@squ.edu.om
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Underforsker:
- Mohammed AlAzki, Diploma in Dental Surgery Assi
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Muscat, Oman
- The Medical City of Military and Security Service (Dental Center-AlKhoudh )
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Kontakt:
- Dr.Khalifa AlAzri, DclinDent (Ed), MPaeds (RCSEd)
- Telefonnummer: +968-98199877
- E-mail: Khalifaazri_omsb@outlook.com
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Kontakt:
- Majid AlFori, DSA
- Telefonnummer: 00968-99668984
- E-mail: Superhero-9w8@gmail.com
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Underforsker:
- Majid AlFori, Diploma in Dental Surgery Assi
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Deltagelseskriterier
Berettigelseskriterier
Berettigelseskriterier
Aldre berettiget til at studere
- Barn
Tager imod sunde frivillige
Beskrivelse
Inclusion Criteria:
- Children aged 6 to 10 years
- Classified as ASA class 1 or 2 (healthy or with mild systemic disease)
- Those who demonstrated Frankl behavior rating 2 and 3 toward dental procedures
- Children with NO previous exposure to invasive dental procedure
- No prior experience using VR glasses
- Requiring extraction of mandibular deciduous molar under local anesthesia
Exclusion Criteria:
- ASA 3 and above
- Those who demonstrated Frankl behavior rating 1 and 4 toward dental procedures
- Special needs ( intellectual and developmental)
- Children on psychotropic medication
- Children wearing glasses
- Presence of intra-oral swelling
Studieplan
Hvordan er undersøgelsen tilrettelagt?
Design detaljer
- Primært formål: Støttende pleje
- Tildeling: Randomiseret
- Interventionel model: Parallel tildeling
- Maskning: Ingen (Åben etiket)
Antal våben
Våben og indgreb
Deltagergruppe / ArmDeltagergruppe / Arm |
Intervention / BehandlingIntervention / Behandling |
|---|---|
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Eksperimentel: Arm 1: Virtual Reality Distraction
Children wear VR glasses to watch immersive 3D cartoons during dental extraction.
Anxiety, pain, and cooperation are assessed using CFSS-DS, Wong-Baker FACES, VCARS, Frankl scale, and physiological parameters
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Children wear a virtual reality headset to watch immersive 3D cartoons during dental extraction.
This device provides distraction to reduce dental anxiety and pain perception.
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Aktiv komparator: Arm 2: Audio-Visual Distraction
Children watch 2D cartoons with headset during dental extraction.
Anxiety, pain, and cooperation are measured using the same scales and physiological parameters as the VR group.
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Children watch 2D cartoons with headset during dental extraction.
This behavioral technique provides distraction to reduce dental anxiety and pain perception.
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Aktiv komparator: Arm 3: Conventional Tell-Show-Do
Children receive the standard tell-show-do technique with verbal distraction during dental extraction.
Anxiety, pain, and cooperation are assessed using CFSS-DS, Wong-Baker FACES, VCARS, Frankl scale, and physiological parameters.
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Children receive the standard tell-show-do technique with verbal distraction during dental extraction.
This behavioral method is used to reduce dental anxiety and improve cooperation.
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Hvad måler undersøgelsen?
Primære resultatmål
Primære resultatmål
Resultatmål |
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse |
Tidsramme |
|---|---|---|
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Child Dental Anxiety (Self-Report)
Tidsramme: Time Points: Baseline (before starting the procedure) and post-operative assessments ( after finishing the extraction)
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Change in child dental anxiety will be measured using the Children's Fear Survey Schedule - Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS, Arabic version).
The CFSS-DS consists of 15 items, each scored from 1 (not afraid) to 5 (very afraid), yielding a total score range of 15 to 75.
Higher scores indicate greater dental anxiety (worse outcome).
The unit of measure is the CFSS-DS score.
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Time Points: Baseline (before starting the procedure) and post-operative assessments ( after finishing the extraction)
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Child Dental Anxiety (Observation-based Assessment)
Tidsramme: Time points: This scale will be measured at 4 time points during the procedure: T0(baseline)= 15 min before starting the procedure T1= Time of needle penetration T2= Time of extracting the tooth T3= 5 mins after the extraction
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Change in child dental anxiety will also be assessed using Venham's Clinical Anxiety Rating Scale (VCARS).
This observational scale is scored from 0 (relaxed) to 5 (out of control), with a total score range of 0 to 5. Higher scores indicate greater observed anxiety (worse outcome).
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Time points: This scale will be measured at 4 time points during the procedure: T0(baseline)= 15 min before starting the procedure T1= Time of needle penetration T2= Time of extracting the tooth T3= 5 mins after the extraction
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3a: Physiological Monitoring - Pulse Rate
Tidsramme: Will be measured at 4 time points: T0 ( Baseline)= 15 minutes before the procedure T1= Time of needle penetration T2= Time of extracting the tooth T3= 5 minutes after extraction
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Pulse rate will be monitored using a pulse oximeter. The unit of measure is beats per minute (bpm). In children, the normal resting pulse rate varies by age: Preschool children (3-5 years): ~80-120 bpm School-aged children (6-12 years): ~70-118 bpm Adolescents (13-18 years): ~60-100 bpm Higher values during the dental procedure indicate greater physiological arousal (worse outcome). |
Will be measured at 4 time points: T0 ( Baseline)= 15 minutes before the procedure T1= Time of needle penetration T2= Time of extracting the tooth T3= 5 minutes after extraction
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3b: Physiological Monitoring - Oxygen Saturation (SpO₂)
Tidsramme: Will be measured at 4 time points: T0 ( Baseline)= 15 minutes before the procedure T1= Time of needle penetration T2= Time of extracting the tooth T3= 5 minutes after extraction
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Oxygen saturation will be monitored using a pulse oximeter.
The unit of measure is percentage (%).
In healthy children, normal SpO₂ values are typically 95-100% at rest.
Lower values indicate poorer physiological status (i.e., worse outcomes).
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Will be measured at 4 time points: T0 ( Baseline)= 15 minutes before the procedure T1= Time of needle penetration T2= Time of extracting the tooth T3= 5 minutes after extraction
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Sekundære resultatmål
Sekundære resultatmål
Resultatmål |
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse |
Tidsramme |
|---|---|---|
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Pain Perception (Self-Report)
Tidsramme: at the end of the procedure
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Self-reported pain perception will be measured using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale (Arabic version).
This scale ranges from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain), represented by facial expressions.
Higher scores indicate greater pain intensity (worse outcome), and lower scores indicate less pain intensity (better outcome)
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at the end of the procedure
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Child Behavior (Observation)
Tidsramme: Time Points: Baseline (before the dental extraction procedure) and follow-up assessment at 1 month post-procedure
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Child behavior will be assessed using the Frankl Behavior Rating Scale. This scale has four degrees:
The total score range is 1 to 4. Higher scores indicate more cooperative behavior (better outcome). |
Time Points: Baseline (before the dental extraction procedure) and follow-up assessment at 1 month post-procedure
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Samarbejdspartnere og efterforskere
Sponsor
Sponsor
Efterforskere
Efterforskere
- Studieleder: Dr. Azza Khalid AlSHidhani, DclinDent (Ed), MPaeds (RCSEd), Pediatric dental clinic , Dental and maxillofacial department (SQUH), University Medical City,
- Studieleder: Dr. Khalifa Mohammed AlAzri, DclinDent (Ed), MPaeds (RCSEd), Pediatric dental clinic, Dental Center (Alkhoudh), The Medical City of Military and Security Services
- Ledende efterforsker: Dr. Zamzam Ali Alqulhati, BDS, MFD(RCSI), Oman Medical Specialty Boaered
Publikationer og nyttige links
Generelle publikationer
- Barros Padilha DX, Veiga NJ, Mello-Moura ACV, Nunes Correia P. Virtual reality and behaviour management in paediatric dentistry: a systematic review. BMC Oral Health. 2023 Dec 12;23(1):995. doi: 10.1186/s12903-023-03595-7.
- Kasimoglu Y, Alpaycetin E, Ince G, Tuna Ince EB. Reduction of Dental Anxiety in Children Using Virtual Reality: A Randomised Controlled Trial. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2025 Sep 1;26(3):185-191. doi: 10.23804/ejpd.2024.2109. Epub 2024 Oct 1.
- Gomez-Polo C, Vilches AA, Ribas D, Castano-Seiquer A, Montero J. Behaviour and Anxiety Management of Paediatric Dental Patients through Virtual Reality: A Randomised Clinical Trial. J Clin Med. 2021 Jul 7;10(14):3019. doi: 10.3390/jcm10143019.
Datoer for undersøgelser
Studer store datoer
Studiestart (Anslået)
Studiestart
Primær færdiggørelse (Anslået)
Primær færdiggørelse
Studieafslutning (Anslået)
Studieafslutning
Datoer for studieregistrering
Først indsendt
Først indsendt
Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier
Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier
Først opslået (Faktiske)
Først opslået
Opdateringer af undersøgelsesjournaler
Sidste opdatering sendt (Faktiske)
Sidste opdatering sendt
Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier
Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier
Sidst verificeret
Sidst verificeret
Mere information
Begreber relateret til denne undersøgelse
Andre undersøgelses-id-numre
Andre undersøgelses-id-numre
- PED-VR-2026-A
- OMSBoard-2026 (Andet bevillings-/finansieringsnummer: Oman Medical Specialty Board)
Plan for individuelle deltagerdata (IPD)
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IPD-planbeskrivelse
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