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Artificial Intelligence for Staging Glaucoma Severity: A Comparison With an Eye Specialist Using Visual Field Tests (AI-GSS2)

10. september 2026 opdateret af: Maddalena DE BERNARDO, University of Salerno

Reliability of Artificial Intelligence in Glaucoma Severity Staging Using the Brusini GSS2 System: A Longitudinal Comparative Study Against Expert Assessment

The study titled "Reliability of Artificial Intelligence in Glaucoma Severity Staging Using the Brusini GSS2 System: A Longitudinal Comparative Study against Expert Assessment" aims to evaluate the diagnostic reliability and clinical utility of an Artificial Intelligence (AI) system in staging glaucoma severity using the Brusini Glaucoma Staging System 2 (GSS2) compared to expert ophthalmologist assessment.

The study protocol involves the longitudinal analysis of visual fields (VFs) collected at baseline (T0) and at a 1-year follow-up (T1). Statistical methodology will utilize quadratic weighted Cohen's kappa to assess diagnostic agreement between the AI system and expert assessment, Wilcoxon signed-rank tests to evaluate potential systematic bias, and Spearman's rank correlation to investigate the relationship between longitudinal progression and changes in the clinical Visual Field Index.

Studieoversigt

Status

Afsluttet

Betingelser

Intervention / Behandling

Undersøgelsestype

Observationel

Tilmelding (Faktiske)

50

Kontakter og lokationer

Dette afsnit indeholder kontaktoplysninger for dem, der udfører undersøgelsen, og oplysninger om, hvor denne undersøgelse udføres.

Studiesteder

      • Salerno, Italien, 84084
        • University of Salerno

Deltagelseskriterier

Forskere leder efter personer, der passer til en bestemt beskrivelse, kaldet berettigelseskriterier. Nogle eksempler på disse kriterier er en persons generelle helbredstilstand eller tidligere behandlinger.

Berettigelseskriterier

Aldre berettiget til at studere

  • Barn
  • Voksen
  • Ældre voksen

Tager imod sunde frivillige

N/A

Prøveudtagningsmetode

Ikke-sandsynlighedsprøve

Studiebefolkning

Adult patients with glaucoma or suspected glaucoma attending the Ophthalmology Unit of University of Salerno for routine glaucoma follow-up. Eligible participants underwent standard automated visual field testing at baseline and approximately 1-year follow-up. Visual fields were independently staged by an artificial intelligence system and an expert ophthalmologist using the Brusini Glaucoma Staging System 2 (GSS2).

Beskrivelse

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Adults (≥18 years of age).
  • Diagnosis of glaucoma or suspected glaucoma undergoing routine clinical follow-up.
  • Availability of reliable standard automated visual field (VF) examinations at baseline and approximately 1-year follow-up.
  • Visual field tests suitable for staging using the Brusini Glaucoma Staging System 2 (GSS2).
  • Availability of all clinical data required for study analysis.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Unreliable visual field examinations (e.g., excessive fixation losses, false-positive or false-negative responses according to institutional reliability criteria).
  • Visual field defects attributable to ocular or neurological diseases other than glaucoma.
  • Missing baseline or follow-up visual field examinations.
  • Incomplete clinical data preventing GSS2 staging or statistical analysis.
  • Previous ocular conditions or interventions that could significantly affect visual field interpretation, if judged by the investigator.

Studieplan

Dette afsnit indeholder detaljer om studieplanen, herunder hvordan undersøgelsen er designet, og hvad undersøgelsen måler.

Hvordan er undersøgelsen tilrettelagt?

Design detaljer

Kohorter og interventioner

Gruppe / kohorte
Intervention / Behandling
Glaucoma Patients
An artificial intelligence system used to automatically stage glaucoma severity from standard automated visual field tests according to the Brusini Glaucoma Staging System 2 (GSS2). AI classifications were compared with those of an expert ophthalmologist at baseline and 1-year follow-up. The AI was used for assessment only and did not influence patient management or treatment.

Hvad måler undersøgelsen?

Primære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Quadratic weighted Cohen's kappa coefficient for diagnostic agreement in glaucoma severity staging between AI and expert assessment
Tidsramme: Baseline (T0) and 1-year follow-up (T1)
Glaucoma severity will be staged (from Stage 0 to Stage 5) using the Brusini Glaucoma Staging System 2 (GSS2) based on visual field parameters. Staging will be performed independently by the AI system and an expert ophthalmologist at each time point. Inter-rater agreement between the AI and expert staging will be quantified using the quadratic weighted Cohen's kappa ($\kappa$), where values range from -1 (complete disagreement) to +1 (perfect agreement).
Baseline (T0) and 1-year follow-up (T1)

Sekundære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Median difference in Brusini GSS2 staging scores between AI and expert assessment
Tidsramme: Baseline (T0) and 1-year follow-up (T1)
Differences in Brusini Glaucoma Staging System 2 (GSS2) staging scores (ranging from Stage 0 to Stage 5) assigned by the AI system versus the expert ophthalmologist will be evaluated to detect systematic overestimation or underestimation of disease severity. Paired score differences (AI minus Expert) at each time point will be reported and statistically tested using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.
Baseline (T0) and 1-year follow-up (T1)

Samarbejdspartnere og efterforskere

Det er her, du vil finde personer og organisationer, der er involveret i denne undersøgelse.

Sponsor

Datoer for undersøgelser

Disse datoer sporer fremskridtene for indsendelser af undersøgelsesrekord og resumeresultater til ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieregistreringer og rapporterede resultater gennemgås af National Library of Medicine (NLM) for at sikre, at de opfylder specifikke kvalitetskontrolstandarder, før de offentliggøres på den offentlige hjemmeside.

Studer store datoer

Studiestart (Faktiske)

15. april 2011

Primær færdiggørelse (Faktiske)

24. juli 2025

Studieafslutning (Faktiske)

24. juli 2025

Datoer for studieregistrering

Først indsendt

14. juli 2026

Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier

10. september 2026

Først opslået (Faktiske)

15. september 2026

Opdateringer af undersøgelsesjournaler

Sidste opdatering sendt (Faktiske)

15. september 2026

Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier

10. september 2026

Sidst verificeret

1. juli 2026

Mere information

Begreber relateret til denne undersøgelse

Yderligere relevante MeSH-vilkår

Andre undersøgelses-id-numre

  • OftalmoUnisa2026_1

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