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Pain Resilience and Pain Self-Efficacy as Parallel Mediators of the Relationship Between Self-Critical Rumination and Pain-Specific Well-Being in Individuals With Chronic Pain: A Structural Equation Modeling Study

22. september 2026 opdateret af: Semanur Bilgiç, Bilecik Seyh Edebali Universitesi

This study is a cross-sectional, correlational, and analytical study designed to examine the parallel mediating roles of pain resilience and pain self-efficacy in the relationship between self-critical rumination and pain-specific well-being in individuals with chronic pain. Structural equation modeling will be used to simultaneously evaluate the direct and indirect relationships between the variables.

Studieoversigt

Status

Ikke rekrutterer endnu

Betingelser

Detaljeret beskrivelse

Chronic pain is a multidimensional health issue that affects not only an individual's physical functioning but also their psychological adjustment and well-being. It is posited that negative cognitive patterns-such as self-critical rumination-can adversely affect an individual's pain experience and well-being, whereas psychological resources-such as pain resilience and pain self-efficacy-may play a significant role in mitigating these effects. This study was designed to examine the parallel mediating roles of pain resilience and pain self-efficacy in the relationship between self-critical rumination and pain-specific well-being in individuals with chronic pain.

Undersøgelsestype

Observationel

Tilmelding (Anslået)

451

Kontakter og lokationer

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Studiekontakt

Studiesteder

Deltagelseskriterier

Forskere leder efter personer, der passer til en bestemt beskrivelse, kaldet berettigelseskriterier. Nogle eksempler på disse kriterier er en persons generelle helbredstilstand eller tidligere behandlinger.

Berettigelseskriterier

Aldre berettiget til at studere

18 år og ældre (Voksen, Ældre voksen)

Tager imod sunde frivillige

Ingen

Køn, der er berettiget til at studere

Alle

Prøveudtagningsmetode

Ikke-sandsynlighedsprøve

Studiebefolkning

Having chronic pain that has persisted or recurred for at least three months

Beskrivelse

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Individuals aged 18 years and older,
  • Having chronic pain that has persisted or recurred for at least three months,
  • Being followed up for chronic pain at the Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Outpatient Clinic,
  • Able to read and understand Turkish and communicate at a level sufficient to complete data collection forms,
  • And agreeing to participate in the research voluntarily will be included.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Individuals with pain lasting less than three months or experiencing only acute pain,
  • Individuals with cancer-related pain,
  • Individuals in the palliative or terminal stage,
  • Individuals who have undergone major surgery within the last three months and still experience acute/postoperative pain related to the surgery,
  • Individuals with cognitive or communication impairments that would prevent them from understanding the research questions and independently responding to the data collection instruments will be excluded.

Studieplan

Dette afsnit indeholder detaljer om studieplanen, herunder hvordan undersøgelsen er designet, og hvad undersøgelsen måler.

Hvordan er undersøgelsen tilrettelagt?

Design detaljer

  • Observationsmodeller: OTHER
  • Tidsperspektiver: CROSS_SECTIONAL

Hvad måler undersøgelsen?

Primære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Numerical Rating Scales
Tidsramme: 1 days

Numerical Rating Scales (NRS): In alignment with the IASP Classification of Chronic Pain for the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), participants' pain intensity over the past week, the impact of pain on daily activities, and the level of pain-related distress will be assessed separately using 0-10 numerical rating scales. Pain intensity will be rated from 0 ("no pain") to 10 ("worst pain imaginable"); the impact of pain on daily life from 0 ("no impact") to 10 ("completely prevents my activities"); and pain-related distress from 0 ("no distress") to 10 ("extreme distress").

1 days
The University of Washington Pain-Related Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form
Tidsramme: 1 days

The University of Washington Pain-Related Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form is a 6-item scale developed to assess patients' perceptions regarding their self-efficacy-or confidence-in performing daily, social, and personal activities despite pain. Each item is rated on a 5-point Likert-type scale ranging from 1 ("not at all confident") to 5 ("completely confident"). Total scores on the scale range from 6 to 30, with higher scores indicating a higher level of pain-related self-efficacy. The Cronbach's alpha value was reported as 0.87 in the study regarding the Turkish validity and reliability of the scale.

1 days
Well-Being in Pain Questionnaire
Tidsramme: 1 days

This scale was developed to assess well-being in the presence of pain among individuals with chronic pain, as well as the psychological, social, and lifestyle-related characteristics that support such well-being. The scale consists of a total of 11 items rated on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 0 ("never") to 4 ("almost always"). The total score is calculated by summing the responses to all items and ranges from 0 to 44. Higher scores indicate a higher level of pain-related well-being; a score of 0 represents the minimum level, while a score of 44 represents the maximum level of pain-related well-being. In the study regarding the Turkish validity and reliability of the scale, the Cronbach's alpha value was reported as 0.713.

1 days
Self-Critical Rumination Scale
Tidsramme: 1 days

Self-Critical Rumination Scale: Developed by Smart et al. (2016) to assess ruminative processes associated with self-critical thoughts, this scale consists of 10 items. Respondents rate how well the statements describe them using a 4-point Likert-type scale (1 = does not describe at all, 2 = describes very little, 3 = describes moderately, 4 = describes very well). In the original study examining its psychometric properties, the scale's internal consistency coefficient was found to be .92, and it was determined to have a single-factor structure. It was also reported that the scale shows high correlations with constructs related to both self-criticism and rumination. In the study regarding the Turkish validity and reliability of the scale, the Cronbach's alpha value was reported as 0.89.

1 days
Pain Resilience Scale
Tidsramme: 1 days

Pain Resilience Scale: This is a 14-item scale that assesses the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral responses individuals exhibit when facing intense or prolonged pain. The scale comprises two sub-dimensions: behavioral persistence (items 1-5) and a positive cognitive-emotional approach (items 6-14). Items are scored on a scale ranging from 0 ("never") to 4 ("always"). In the Turkish version of the PRS, only items 8, 11, and 12 are reverse-scored; for these items, the scoring is reversed from 4 ("always") to 0 ("never"). A high total score on the scale indicates a high level of pain resilience. The Cronbach's alpha value was reported as 0.920 in the study establishing the scale's validity and reliability in Turkish.

1 days

Samarbejdspartnere og efterforskere

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Sponsor

Datoer for undersøgelser

Disse datoer sporer fremskridtene for indsendelser af undersøgelsesrekord og resumeresultater til ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieregistreringer og rapporterede resultater gennemgås af National Library of Medicine (NLM) for at sikre, at de opfylder specifikke kvalitetskontrolstandarder, før de offentliggøres på den offentlige hjemmeside.

Studer store datoer

Studiestart (Anslået)

31. oktober 2026

Primær færdiggørelse (Anslået)

30. juni 2027

Studieafslutning (Anslået)

1. december 2027

Datoer for studieregistrering

Først indsendt

16. september 2026

Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier

22. september 2026

Først opslået (Faktiske)

29. september 2026

Opdateringer af undersøgelsesjournaler

Sidste opdatering sendt (Faktiske)

29. september 2026

Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier

22. september 2026

Sidst verificeret

1. september 2026

Mere information

Begreber relateret til denne undersøgelse

Andre undersøgelses-id-numre

  • kronik ağrı-2

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