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Evaluation of Fluid Biomarkers Around Implants Exhibiting Early Stage Periimplant Bone Loss

7. maj 2026 opdateret af: Raziye Tugce Can Keles, Pamukkale University

Evaluation of Biomarkers Involved In Bone Metabolism (Remodeling) In Periimplanter Crevicular Fluid of Implants With Early Marginal Bone Loss: A Retrospective Clinical Study

This study aimed to compare biological mediators known to be important in peri-implant diseases in implants with and without early stage marginal bone loss. A total of 118 implants in 59 patients were designated as test and control groups. The radiographic and periodontal data of the included implants, along with peri-implant sulcus fluid samples, were evaluated.

Studieoversigt

Status

Afsluttet

Betingelser

Intervention / Behandling

Detaljeret beskrivelse

This study included clinical and radiographic records of patients who received implant treatment in the maxilla and/or mandible between 11/2021 and 9/2024. Patients were divided into test and control groups based on the presence/absence of EMBL after prosthetic loading. Periodontal clinical measurements were recorded and peri-implant sulcus fluid (PISF) samples were collected. Sclerostin, calprotectin, type I collagen cross-linked N-telopeptide (NTx), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8, and MMP-9 levels were analyzed using ELISA. Group comparisons were performed with the statistical analyses.

Undersøgelsestype

Observationel

Tilmelding (Faktiske)

59

Kontakter og lokationer

Dette afsnit indeholder kontaktoplysninger for dem, der udfører undersøgelsen, og oplysninger om, hvor denne undersøgelse udføres.

Studiesteder

  • Tyrkiet (Türkiye)
      • Denizli, Tyrkiet (Türkiye), 20160
        • Pamukkale University, Faculty of Dentistry, Periodontology

Deltagelseskriterier

Forskere leder efter personer, der passer til en bestemt beskrivelse, kaldet berettigelseskriterier. Nogle eksempler på disse kriterier er en persons generelle helbredstilstand eller tidligere behandlinger.

Berettigelseskriterier

Aldre berettiget til at studere

  • Barn
  • Voksen
  • Ældre voksen

Tager imod sunde frivillige

Ja

Prøveudtagningsmetode

Ikke-sandsynlighedsprøve

Studiebefolkning

Patients who received implant treatment at the Department of Periodontology, Pamukkale University Faculty of Dentistry.

Beskrivelse

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Presence of 1 mm or more of radiographic marginal bone loss within the first 3 months after implant placement
  • Availability of radiographic documentation
  • Availability of demographic data, surgical records, and data related to the implant used
  • Physical condition classified as Class I and II according to the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification
  • Patients with no smoking history in the last 10 years
  • Fixed implant-supported restorations
  • Screw-retained implants

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Patients receiving and/or maintaining implant treatment at centers other than the Department of Periodontology, Pamukkale University Faculty of Dentistry
  • Patients with incomplete or unreachable files or radiographic documentation
  • Patients with a known systemic disease/condition that alters their physical condition or bone metabolism
  • Severe bruxism cases
  • Pregnant and breastfeeding patients
  • Patients with incomplete implant-supported prosthesis
  • Areas grafted during or before implant surgery
  • Removable implant-supported restorations
  • Cement-retained implants
  • Patients undergoing peri-implantitis treatment

Studieplan

Dette afsnit indeholder detaljer om studieplanen, herunder hvordan undersøgelsen er designet, og hvad undersøgelsen måler.

Hvordan er undersøgelsen tilrettelagt?

Design detaljer

Kohorter og interventioner

Gruppe / kohorte
Intervention / Behandling
Test
Presence of marginal bone loss of 1 mm or more within the first 3 months after implant placement
Andet: Collecting of peri-implant sulcus fluid
To evaluate biomarkers associated with peri-implant bone loss, periopaper was placed in the peri-implant pocket and absorbed with sulcus fluid.
Diagnostisk test: Periapical radiography
Parallel cone technique was used during periapical imaging to accurately measure peri-implant bone loss.
Control
Presence of less than 1 mm of marginal bone loss within the first 3 months after implant placement
Andet: Collecting of peri-implant sulcus fluid
To evaluate biomarkers associated with peri-implant bone loss, periopaper was placed in the peri-implant pocket and absorbed with sulcus fluid.
Diagnostisk test: Periapical radiography
Parallel cone technique was used during periapical imaging to accurately measure peri-implant bone loss.

Hvad måler undersøgelsen?

Primære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Calprotectin levels in peri-implant crevicular fluid
Tidsramme: 6-8 week after prosthetic treatment
After collecting peri-implant sulcus fluid using the paper strip method, calprotectin levels in the peri-implant sulcus region were determined using the ELISA method and recorded in ng/ml.
6-8 week after prosthetic treatment
Sclerostin levels in peri-implant crevicular fluid
Tidsramme: 6-8 week after prosthetic treatment
After collecting peri-implant sulcus fluid using the paper strip method, sclerostin levels in the peri-implant sulcus region were determined using the ELISA method and recorded in pg/ml.
6-8 week after prosthetic treatment
NTx levels in peri-implant crevicular fluid
Tidsramme: 6-8 week after prosthetic treatment
After collecting peri-implant sulcus fluid using the paper strip method, NTx levels in the peri-implant sulcus region were determined using the ELISA method and recorded in ng/ml.
6-8 week after prosthetic treatment
MMP-8 levels in peri-implant crevicular fluid
Tidsramme: 6-8 week after prosthetic treatment
After collecting peri-implant sulcus fluid using the paper strip method, MMP-8 levels in the peri-implant sulcus region were determined using the ELISA method and recorded in ng/ml.
6-8 week after prosthetic treatment
MMP-9 levels in peri-implant crevicular fluid
Tidsramme: 6-8 week after prosthetic treatment
After collecting peri-implant sulcus fluid using the paper strip method, MMP-9 levels in the peri-implant sulcus region were determined using the ELISA method and recorded in ng/ml.
6-8 week after prosthetic treatment

Andre resultatmål

Resultatmål
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Radiographic detecting of Peri-implant marginal bone loss
Tidsramme: Baseline, 3 months
The amount of marginal bone loss was determined by comparing the periapical radiograph taken on the day the implants were placed with the radiograph taken at 3 months. Measurements of digital radiographic images were performed using computer software. Then, study groups were determined according to the presence or absence of peri-implant marginal bone loss.
Baseline, 3 months
Modified Bleeding İndex
Tidsramme: During the same session as the peri-implant fluid collection procedure
This assessment was performed based on the bleeding response following gentle probing with a plastic probe in the four regions of each implant (mesial, distal, palatal/lingual, and buccal). The severity of bleeding observed within approximately 10-30 seconds after probing was scored and recorded. The scoring system was graded as follows: 0: no bleeding, 1: bleeding at a single point, 2: bleeding at several points or in a linear pattern, 3: heavy bleeding following probing.
During the same session as the peri-implant fluid collection procedure
Peri-implant pocket depth
Tidsramme: During the same session as the peri-implant fluid collection procedure
A plastic periodontal probe was used to determine peri-implant pocket depth. Measurements were taken by using the probe, supported by its own weight, parallel to the long axis of the tooth. Pocket depth was measured at 6 sites (mesio-buccal, buccal, disto-buccal, mesio-palatal/lingual, palatal/lingual, disto-palatal/lingual) for each implant included in the study and recorded in millimeters (mm). The pocket depth value for each dental implant was obtained by calculating the average of the 6 measured values.
During the same session as the peri-implant fluid collection procedure
Gingival İndex
Tidsramme: During the same session as the peri-implant fluid collection procedure
The mesial, distal, buccal, and lingual/palatal surfaces of each tooth/implant were evaluated separately, and the average of the scores obtained was recorded as the gingival index value for that tooth/implant. Scoring during the evaluation was performed as follows: 0 = normal gingiva, 1 = mild inflammation (color change, mild edema, no bleeding on probing), 2 = moderate inflammation (redness, edema, bleeding on probing), 3 = severe inflammation (marked redness, edema, ulceration, spontaneous bleeding). Subsequently, all values were summed and divided by the total number of teeth and implants to record the gingival index score.
During the same session as the peri-implant fluid collection procedure
Modified Plaque İndex
Tidsramme: During the same session as the peri-implant fluid collection procedure
The mesial, distal, buccal, and lingual/palatal surfaces around the teeth/implants were examined, and the average of the scores obtained for each surface was recorded as the plaque index for that tooth/implant. The scoring criteria were as follows: 0 = no plaque, 1 = plaque detectable only with a probe, 2 = soft plaque accumulation visible to the naked eye, 3 = the tooth surface covered with a distinct plaque layer. Subsequently, all values were summed and divided by the total number of teeth and implants to record the modified plaque index score.
During the same session as the peri-implant fluid collection procedure
Peri-implant mucosal recession
Tidsramme: During the same session as the peri-implant fluid collection procedure
The abutment-implant interface was designated as the reference point for determining the extent of peri-implant mucosal recession, and the distance between the reference point and the free gingival margin was measured using a periodontal probe. Mucosal recession was recorded in four regions (mesio-buccal, mid-buccal, disto-buccal, mid-lingual/palatal) for each implant included in the study. The recession value for each implant was obtained by calculating the average of the four measured values.
During the same session as the peri-implant fluid collection procedure

Samarbejdspartnere og efterforskere

Det er her, du vil finde personer og organisationer, der er involveret i denne undersøgelse.

Sponsor

Pamukkale University

Samarbejdspartnere

Pamukkale University scientific research project department

Efterforskere

  • Ledende efterforsker: Raziye Tugce Can Keles, R.A., Pamukkale University Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology
  • Studieleder: Gizem Torumtay Cin, Assoc. Prof., Pamukkale University Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology

Datoer for undersøgelser

Disse datoer sporer fremskridtene for indsendelser af undersøgelsesrekord og resumeresultater til ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieregistreringer og rapporterede resultater gennemgås af National Library of Medicine (NLM) for at sikre, at de opfylder specifikke kvalitetskontrolstandarder, før de offentliggøres på den offentlige hjemmeside.

Studer store datoer

Studiestart (Faktiske)

6. marts 2025

Primær færdiggørelse (Faktiske)

6. september 2025

Studieafslutning (Faktiske)

6. september 2025

Datoer for studieregistrering

Først indsendt

3. maj 2026

Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier

7. maj 2026

Først opslået (Faktiske)

13. maj 2026

Opdateringer af undersøgelsesjournaler

Sidste opdatering sendt (Faktiske)

13. maj 2026

Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier

7. maj 2026

Sidst verificeret

1. maj 2026

Mere information

Begreber relateret til denne undersøgelse

Nøgleord

Yderligere relevante MeSH-vilkår

Andre undersøgelses-id-numre

  • E-60116787-020-604271
  • 2025DİŞF001 (Anden identifikator: Office of Scientific Research Projects of Pamukkale University)

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