The Link Between Mental Imagery and the Reduction of Fear in Imaginal Extinction
Studienübersicht
Status
Status
Bedingungen
Bedingungen
Intervention / Behandlung
Intervention / Behandlung
Detaillierte Beschreibung
The study takes part over three consecutive days, with fear conditioning to visual stimuli on day 1, imaginal extinction on day 2, and a fear reinstatement procedure, again to visual stimuli, on day 3. Skin conductance is used to measure fear responses.
Participants' are randomized to receive conditioning, extinction and reinstatement with either complex or simple stimuli. During imaginal extinction, imagery of each experimental stimulus is prompted through different verbal instructions.
Studientyp
Studientyp
Einschreibung (Tatsächlich)
Einschreibung
Phase
Phase
- Unzutreffend
Kontakte und Standorte
Studienorte
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Uppsala, Schweden
- Uppsala University, Departement of Psychology
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Teilnahmekriterien
Zulassungskriterien
Zulassungskriterien
Studienberechtigtes Alter
Akzeptiert gesunde Freiwillige
Studienberechtigte Geschlechter
Beschreibung
Inclusion Criteria:
Age 18 or over
Fluent in Swedish
Willing and able to provide informed consent and complete study procedures
Exclusion Criteria:
Current psychiatric disorder
Use of psychotropic medication within 6 months prior to study start
Receiving psychological treatment within 6 months prior to study start
Current neurological condition
Studienplan
Wie ist die Studie aufgebaut?
Designdetails
- Hauptzweck: Grundlegende Wissenschaft
- Zuteilung: Zufällig
- Interventionsmodell: Parallele Zuordnung
- Maskierung: Single
Anzahl der Arme
Waffen und Interventionen
Teilnehmergruppe / ArmTeilnehmergruppe / Arm |
Intervention / BehandlungIntervention / Behandlung |
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Experimental: Simple stimuli
Two perceptually simple stimuli are used during all experimental phases (geometrical figures).
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Day 1. Participants are exposed to two different visual stimuli.
One of these stimuli is paired with a mild electric shock (i.e.
conditioned stimuli).
Day 2 (24 hours after Day 1).
Participants are exposed to mental imagery of the stimuli used during fear conditioning.
Imagery is prompted through different verbal instructions presented in a pseudo-randomized order.
No shocks are delivered.
Prior to imaginal extinction, participants receive task specific training.
Day 3 (48 h after day1).
Participants are exposed to the same stimuli used during fear conditioning (day 1) and imaginal extinction (day 2).
Two unsignaled shocks are delivered at the beginning of the experiment, prior to the presentation of the first visual stimulus.
No further shocks are delivered.
This procedure allows the study of long term effects of imaginal extinction.
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Experimental: Complex stimuli
Two complex stimuli are used in all experimental phases.
Stimuli consist of photographs of real objects of the same size and shape as the simple stimuli, but include perceptually more complex patterns, details and colors.
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Day 1. Participants are exposed to two different visual stimuli.
One of these stimuli is paired with a mild electric shock (i.e.
conditioned stimuli).
Day 2 (24 hours after Day 1).
Participants are exposed to mental imagery of the stimuli used during fear conditioning.
Imagery is prompted through different verbal instructions presented in a pseudo-randomized order.
No shocks are delivered.
Prior to imaginal extinction, participants receive task specific training.
Day 3 (48 h after day1).
Participants are exposed to the same stimuli used during fear conditioning (day 1) and imaginal extinction (day 2).
Two unsignaled shocks are delivered at the beginning of the experiment, prior to the presentation of the first visual stimulus.
No further shocks are delivered.
This procedure allows the study of long term effects of imaginal extinction.
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Was misst die Studie?
Primäre Ergebnismessungen
Primäre Ergebnismessungen
Ergebnis Maßnahme |
Maßnahmenbeschreibung |
Zeitfenster |
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Skin conductance response (SCR)
Zeitfenster: Day 1
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SCR is used as a measure of physiological fear responses.
Differences in fear responses are used to assess fear learning during fear acquisition and to explore main effects and interactions between fear learning, stimulus complexity and capacity for mental imagery.
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Day 1
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Skin conductance response (SCR)
Zeitfenster: Day 2 (24 h after day1)
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SCR is used as a measure of physiological fear responses.Differences in fear responses are used to assess fear reduction during imaginal extinction, and to explore main effects and interactions between fear reduction, stimulus complexity and capacity for mental imagery.
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Day 2 (24 h after day1)
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Skin conductance response (SCR)
Zeitfenster: Day 3 (48 h after day 1)
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SCR is used as a measure of physiological fear responses.Differences in fear response are used to assess return of fear during reinstatement, and to explore main effects and interactions between return of fear, stimulus complexity and capacity for mental imagery.
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Day 3 (48 h after day 1)
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Sekundäre Ergebnismessungen
Sekundäre Ergebnismessungen
Ergebnis Maßnahme |
Maßnahmenbeschreibung |
Zeitfenster |
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Fear ratings
Zeitfenster: Day 1
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Ratings of subjective fear during the experimental procedure.
Scale: 0 -100 (no fear at all - extreme fear)
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Day 1
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State-Trait Anxiety Inventory
Zeitfenster: Day 1
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This is a self-rated questionnaire measuring trait anxiety.
Higher scores indicate higher level of trait-anxiety (range 20-80)
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Day 1
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Difficulties in emotion regulation scale
Zeitfenster: Day 1
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This is a self-rated questionnaire measuring difficulties in emotion regulation.
Higher scores indicate higher level of difficulties in emotion regulation (range 36-180)
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Day 1
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Fear ratings
Zeitfenster: Day 2 (24 h after day 1)
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Ratings of subjective fear during the experimental procedure.
Scale: 0 -100 (no fear at all - extreme fear)
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Day 2 (24 h after day 1)
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Vividness of mental imagery during imaginal extinction
Zeitfenster: Day 2 (24 h after day 1)
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Scale: 1-5; no image at all - image as clear and vivid as real life
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Day 2 (24 h after day 1)
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The Plymouth Sensory Imagery Questionnaire
Zeitfenster: Day 2 (24 h after day 1)
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This is a self-rated questionnaire measuring vividness of mental imagery across different sensory modalities.
Higher scores indicate higher level of vividness.
(range 0-70)
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Day 2 (24 h after day 1)
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The Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire
Zeitfenster: Day 2 (24 h after day 1)
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This is a self-rated questionnaire measuring vividness of visual mental imagery.
Only eyes open section is administered.
Higher scores indicate higher level of vividness (range 0-80)
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Day 2 (24 h after day 1)
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Spontaneous use of imagery scale
Zeitfenster: Day 2 (24 h after day 1)
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This is a self-rated questionnaire measuring spontaneous use of imagery.
Higher scores higher levels use of spontaneous use of imagery (range 12- 60)
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Day 2 (24 h after day 1)
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Expectancy ratings
Zeitfenster: Day 2 (24 h after day 1)
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After the imaginal extinction procedure, participants are asked to rate to what extent they believed that electric shocks would be delivered during the procedure on a scale ranging from 0 - 100 %
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Day 2 (24 h after day 1)
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Fear ratings
Zeitfenster: Day 3 (48 h after day 1)
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Ratings of subjective fear during the experimental procedure.
Scale: 0 -100 (no fear at all - extreme fear)
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Day 3 (48 h after day 1)
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Expectancy ratings
Zeitfenster: Day 3 (48 h after day 1)
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After the reinstatement procedure, participants are asked to rate to what extent they believed that electric shocks would be delivered during the procedure on a scale ranging from 0 - 100 %
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Day 3 (48 h after day 1)
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Andere Ergebnismessungen
Andere Ergebnismessungen
Ergebnis Maßnahme |
Maßnahmenbeschreibung |
Zeitfenster |
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Task compliance
Zeitfenster: Day 1
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Questions asking participants to rate to what extent they followed the instructions during the experimental procedure on a scale ranging from 0 - 100 %.
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Day 1
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Task compliance
Zeitfenster: Day 2 (24 h after day 1)
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Questions asking participants to rate to what extent they followed the instructions during the experimental procedure on a scale ranging from 0 - 100 %.
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Day 2 (24 h after day 1)
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Task compliance
Zeitfenster: Day 3 (48 h after day 1)
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Questions asking participants to rate to what extent they followed the instructions during the experimental procedure on a scale ranging from 0 - 100 %.
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Day 3 (48 h after day 1)
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Mitarbeiter und Ermittler
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Studienaufzeichnungsdaten
Haupttermine studieren
Studienbeginn (Tatsächlich)
Studienbeginn
Primärer Abschluss (Tatsächlich)
Primärer Abschluss
Studienabschluss (Tatsächlich)
Studienabschluss
Studienanmeldedaten
Zuerst eingereicht
Zuerst eingereicht
Zuerst eingereicht, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt hat
Zuerst eingereicht, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt hat
Zuerst gepostet (Tatsächlich)
Zuerst gepostet
Studienaufzeichnungsaktualisierungen
Letztes Update gepostet (Tatsächlich)
Letztes Update gepostet
Letztes eingereichtes Update, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt
Letztes eingereichtes Update, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt
Zuletzt verifiziert
Zuletzt verifiziert
Mehr Informationen
Begriffe im Zusammenhang mit dieser Studie
Schlüsselwörter
Andere Studien-ID-Nummern
Andere Studien-ID-Nummern
- 2019-00524
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